添加剂在减少畜禽粪便污染中的应用与发展前景  

Reduction of Pollution from Livestock Manure by Application of Additives

作　　者：黄灿[1] 李季[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2006年第B09期787-791,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2002BA516A07)

摘　　要：大量文献表明,酸化剂、吸附剂、尿酶抑制剂能减少氨的挥发和恶臭物质的排放,但这些添加剂仅能提供短期抑制,必须反复添加才能维持其作用。微生物制剂能利用粪便中未消化的营养物质繁殖,但如果不很好地了解畜禽粪便中微生物的发酵活动,该添加剂的作用效果值得怀疑。通过综述添加剂在畜禽粪便污染治理当中的应用,指出今后应开展如下工作:建立标准化程序评估添加剂的有效性;研究不同添加剂安全、经济、有效的作用剂量;评估在畜禽舍内使用添加剂后对畜禽、饲养员健康状况的影响;评估使用添加剂处理后的畜禽粪便在还田时对农业生态系统的影响。This paper reviews the use of additives to reduce the pollution from livestock manure. Reduction of NH3 volatilization, odor emissions have been shown to be possible by addition of acidifying, adsorbent, urease inhibitors additives. However, these treatments can induce only short-termreduction, more frequent applications may be required. Microbial additives can be regenerative, but currently they have been developed with little understanding of microbial activities occurring in livestock wastes. There is a potential to develop further practical and cost-effective additives. Future research needs to focus on： 1. available test procedure that can be used to evaluate additives efficiency; 2. development of safe, cost-effective concentrations of additives; 3. when used in animal house, the effects of these additives on health of animal and attendants must be clear; 4. when used in land application, the effects of these additives on agro-ecosystem should be safe.

关 键 词：添加剂 氨 恶臭 畜禽粪便 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]