一种积累型文明发展模式——试论美利坚文明的一个重要特点  

A Cumulative Civilization Development Model:An Important Feature of American Civilization

作　　者：何顺果[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史系

出　　处：《美国研究》2006年第3期7-28,共22页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

摘　　要：本文旨在探讨美国历史研究中的一个重大问题,认为美利坚文明发展的一大特点,就是这个文明的发展是积累式的,或者说是以积累的方式进行的。任何文明都有自己的积累,都离不开积累,美利坚文明发展的独特之处就在于,它不仅一开始就为自己的国家构建了一个完善的国家体系和结构,而且在构建自己的国家体系和结构之时,就在联邦宪法中直接或间接地预设了有利于文明积累和发展的两大机制———宪法“修正”条款和最高法院的“司法审查权”。但有一个好的机制并不等于就可以得到好的利用,美利坚文明发展的独特之处还在于,它在获得独立之后不久就在法学领域里发生了由“自然法学”向“社会法学”的转变过程,“社会法学”就是上述两大机制获得“创造性”利用的法学根源或深层原因。据此,本文在最后做了两点大胆推论,它超越本题又不离本题,藉以深化本文的主题。The article is aimed at studying the cumulative feature in the development of American civilization. The uniqueness in the development of American civilization is that the nation constructed its almost perfect national institutions and structure from its creation. In doing so, the American Constitution, directly or indirectly, preconceived two mechanisms that would facilitate the accumulation and development of American civilization, namely, the Article on the amendment of the Constitution and “judicial review” power of the Supreme Court. However a good mechanism does not necessarily lead to its being used in practice. Here lies another special feature in the development of American civilization. Not long after America’s independence, in the legal field there was a transformation from “natural law” to “social law”. It is this “social law” that lays the foundation for the creative employment of the two mechanisms.

关 键 词：美国 积累型宪法 社会法学 文明发展模式 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]