人口变动与农奴制兴衰关系的再探讨——中古西欧农奴制兴衰的政治经济学  

The Studies on the Relationship between the Demographic Fluctuation and the Rise and Decline of Serfdom

作　　者：文礼朋[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院经济发展研究中心,博士后430072

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2006年第3期51-58,共8页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：中古西欧农奴制的兴起主要并非自然经济的结果,而是当时土地丰富而劳动力稀缺的产物,地主贵族难以通过纯粹经济的手段来获取高额的剥削物品,因而引入了农奴制的超经济剥削方式。中古西欧农业的粗放经营,也使得对农奴劳动的监督相对容易。随着人口的增加,劳动力日益丰富而廉价,土地日益变得稀缺,以及农业向精耕细作发展,农奴制有自动走向衰落的趋势。It argues the rising of serfdom in medieval Western Europe was not due to the natural economy, but the outcome of the abundance of land and the scarcity of labor at that time. As a result, the landlord aristocracy could not raise the exploitation by pure economic measures, but adopted ultra-economic exploitation measures through serfdom. It made the supervision on the working of serf was not very difficult since the roughly farming in the medieval Western Europe. But the trend was necessary that serfdom would decline spontaneously according with the increasing of population, the abundant and cheaper of labor, the scarcity of land, and increasingly intensive and meticulous farming.

关 键 词：超经济剥削 劳动力稀缺 粗放经营 

分 类 号：K56[历史地理—历史学]