关于我国水银行制度建设几个问题的思考  

On Several Questions of the Construction of Water Bank System in China

作　　者：单以红[1] 唐德善[2] 胡军华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学商学院,南京210098 [2]河海大学水利水电工程学院,南京210098

出　　处：《生态经济》2006年第9期50-53,共4页Ecological Economy

基　　金：水利部科技创新项目(编号:ct200424)"塔里木河流域水权管理研究"基金资助

摘　　要：水银行作为水权租赁和水量买卖双方的中介,是调剂用水余缺、节约水交易成本和促进水资源可持续利用的一个有效工具。水银行制度建设要解决与水资源行政主管部门的关系、规避运作风险及化解交易外部性等三个大问题。作为一个经济组织,水银行要独立于水资源行政主管部门,水资源行政主管部门可以运用行政手段和经济手段来管理水银行,还可以参加水银行交易以满足公共利益的用水需求。在水银行交易出现“空头”,即买入量小于卖出量时,可以运用休耕、水库余水、地下水、节水和水管部门“公开市场业务”等方法来调整,或在出现“空头”之前就采取向卖方预订一定水量的选择权等方法。水交易具有很强的外部性,降低水银行交易外部性的方法有预防性措施和补偿性措施。Water bank, as an intermediary of water right lease and physical water trade （water transfers）, is an effective tool for balancing water supply and demand, saving water transfers cost, and maintaining sustainable water utilization. There are three big concerns in considering construction of water bank system. They are the relationship between water bank and water administrative department （WAD）, the problem of avoiding water bank operations risks and the problem of lessening water transfers externalities. As an economic organization, water bank should be independent of WAD. WAD can administer and supervise water bank through administrative and/or economic means. Also, WAD is a client of water bank, purchasing and selling water to meet the demand of public interest for water. When it comes to short position, that is, the amount of water purchased is less than that of water sold, besides purchasing water from fallowing, surplus reservoir storage and ground-water, the water bank can also meet its water demand from the water saved and the water supplied by WAD through open market operations. On the contrary, when it comes to long position, coming into water supply options contracts with sellers, etc.. Water transfers can cause big externalities. Preventive and compensative measures are effective methods used to lessen them.

关 键 词：水银行 水管部门 运营风险 外部性 

分 类 号：TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源]