苏共丧失政权的体制性因素  

The Institutional Factors for the CPSU's Loss of Political Power

作　　者：冯玉军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2006年第5期7-14,共8页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：苏共丧失执政地位,是苏联几十年来不断积累、潜伏着的社会矛盾恶性发展和总爆发的结果,而政治体制上的漏洞是关键性的因素。苏共未能正确处理好公民、政党、国家与社会的关系,在把所有权力都掌握在自己手中的同时,担负了无限的责任和沉重的包袱。在苏联体制中,由于立法权的范围缩减以及党务行政官僚作用的急剧加强,官僚制发展成为阻碍社会发展的障碍机制。在改革的过程中,许多苏联党政精英为侵吞国有资产背弃共产主义信仰,催生了新的资产阶级和资本主义制度,成为苏共真正的“掘墓人”。此外,苏共在缺乏有效制约的权力和金钱面前,逐渐丧失了警惕性和免疫力,没有找到一套行之有效的拒腐防变机制,在官僚主义的侵蚀和集权制的庇护下,一步步走向自我毁灭。The loss of the CPSU's status as the ruling party was the consequence of malignant development and overall outbreak of social contradictions accumulated and latent over the decades in the Soviet Union. While grasping all power in its hands, the CPSU was unable to correctly handle the citizen-political pary-state-society interrelationships, undertaking infinite responsibilities and heavy burdens. Under the Soviet instituional systems, due to the dwindling scope of legislative power coupled with the drastically intensified Party and administrative bureacracy, a bureacratic institution grew into a mechanism impeding social development. In the course of reform, many Soviet Party and government elites swallowed up state-owned assets in betrayal of communist faith, catalyzing a new bourgeiosie and the capitalist system, thus becoming the real grave-diggers of the CPSU. Besides, confronted with power and money without effective control,the CPSU gradually lost vigilance and immunity and failed to find a set of effective mechanisms to prevent corruption and degeneration. Thus, eroded by bureaucratism and shielded by totalitarianism, the CPSU gradually tended towards self-destruction.

关 键 词：苏联 苏共 苏联政治体制 

分 类 号：D751.2[政治法律—政治学]