K型杂交水稻的选育与研究  

Breeding of and Studies on K-type Hybrid Rice

作　　者：王文明[1] 文宏灿[1] 袁国良[1] 万先齐[1] 朱永川[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农科院水稻高粱研究所

出　　处：《杂交水稻》1996年第6期11-13,共3页Hybrid Rice

摘　　要：利用粳籼杂交后代出现的不育株作细胞质雄性不育供体，先后育成了Ｋ青Ａ、Ｋ１９Ａ和Ｋ１７Ａ等籼型不育系。育成的Ｋ型杂交水稻新组合已有５个通过四川省品种审定。初步研究发现，Ｋ型胞质对提高柱头外露率和开花累积率的作用明显优于ＷＡ型胞质；在可恢性及主要数量性状上的胞质效应与ＷＡ型和Ｄ型胞质差异较小。花药发育的细胞学显示Ｋ型不育系花粉败育发生在单核后期，少量花粉发生在二核期，败育花粉以典败为主。Ｋ１７Ａ和Ｋ青Ａ花药的酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶谱与汕Ａ存在差异。随机扩增多态性ＮＤＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）分析表明Ｋ型胞质与ＷＡ型和Ｄ型胞质的线粒体基因组存在组织结构差异。Three indica male sterile lines, K-qing A, K19A, and K17A, have been bred successively by using sterile plants from the progeny of a hybrid cross between japonica and indica as cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) gene donor. Subsequently, five new hybrid rice combinations with different growth duration have been released. Preliminary studies revealed that the effects of K-cms were better than those of W-cms and D-cms on exserted stigma, flowering variation and 1 000-grain weight, but similar on restorability of sterility and some quantitative traits of F 1 hybrids. The cytological observation of the anther development showed that the abortion of pollen in K-cms occurred in uninuclear stage with a few in binuclear stage. The pattern of isoesterase and isoperoxidase were different between K17A, K-qing A, and Zhenshan 97A. Meanwhile, random amplitifed polymorphismic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed that the structure of mitochondrial DNA was different between K-cms and W-cms, D-cms. Accordingly, the exploitation of K-type hybrid rice will surely promote the development of hybrid rice both in breeding and application.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 K型细胞质 细胞质雄性不育性 胞质效应 

分 类 号：S511.035.1[农业科学—作物学]