贵州地方病氟中毒的氟源、致病途径与预防措施  

The Source, Pathway, and Preventive Measures of Endemic Fluorosis in Guizhou

作　　者：代世峰[1,2] 李薇薇[1,2] 唐跃刚[1,2] 张勇[1,2] 冯鹏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室 [2]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学系,北京100083

出　　处：《地质论评》2006年第5期650-655,共6页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号40202014);国家高技术研究发展计划("863"计划)(编号2004AA649200)的成果。

摘　　要：运用高温燃烧水解—氟离子选择性电极方法,对贵州织金县地方病氟中毒重灾区的化落村、荷花村和马家庄村居民用的粉煤、拌煤黏土、煤泥混合燃料、玉米、辣椒等系列样品进行了氟含量测定,结果表明,这些样品中的氟含量均值分别为237.1μg/g、2261.9μg/g、827.9μg/g、1418.8μg/g和110.1μg/g。玉米和辣椒中氟的含量超出国家标准食品中氟允许量的约1000倍和100倍。氟中毒的氟源主要来自拌煤黏土,氟在拌煤黏土中除了以磷灰石、角闪石形式存在外,与伊蒙混层矿物和伊利石的吸附密切相关。煤泥混合燃料在燃烧过程中,约有80%的氟被释放。除了采用固(降)氟技术以外,病区居民改变生活习惯,在食用辣椒前用清水淘洗,把玉米粒加工成玉米面前进行脱皮处理,可以除去食物表面相当一部分氟,对预防地方病氟中毒有重要作用。The content of fluorine in coal, clay used for coal combustion, mixed fuel of coal and clay, corn, and chili from families of the endemic fluorosis in Zhijin County, Guizhou, was determined using the pyrohydrolysis/ fluorine ion-selective electrode method. The results showed the average content of fluorine in samples is 237.1 /μg/g, 2261.9/μg/g, 827.9/μg/g, 1418.8/μg/g, and 110. 1/μg/g, respectively. The content of fluorine in corn and chili are about 1400 and 73 times higher than that of the permitted level of fluorine in foods of the Chinese Standard. The clay used for coal combustions is the main fluorine source of the endemic fluorosis. In addition to occurring in apatite and hornblende, fluorine is closely related to the adsorption of illite and mixed-layer clay minerals of smectite and illite. About eighty percent of fluorine was emitted out during the combustion of mixed fuel of coal and clay minerals. Besides the technologies of fluorine fixation and decreation, changes in the living habits of the residents, for example, the chili washed by water, the corn husked before it was processed into corn powder, will remove a certain content of fluorine absorbed on the corn husk and will play a important role in endemic fluorosis prevention.

关 键 词：地方病氟中毒 拌煤黏土 煤 氟 贵州 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]