The Importance of Local Tree Resources around Gombe National Park,Western Tanzania:Implications for Humans and Chimpanzees  

作　　者：Alex Chepstow-Lusty Mark Winfield Janette Wallis Anthony Collins 王胜（译） 徐化成（校） 

出　　处：《AMBIO－人类环境杂志》2006年第3期124-129,共6页

摘　　要：米欧波（Miombo）林地及其生境为坦桑尼亚西部的人类和黑猩猩提供了至关重要的资源。本文做了一个基线调查，来确定贡贝国家公园附近6个村庄中当地人所认为的不同乔木种的相对价值。该地区还提供了人类和黑猩猩对树木利用的直接比较，因为它是黑猩猩行为的一个长期研宄点。本文调查了452人（全部在30岁以上），要求他们选择他们认为在日常生活中最重要的10种树木：在4520个答案中，有77％（以260个树种为代表）是乡土树种，23％（以35个树种为代表）是外来种。在本研宄中，我们特别注意了列举频率最高的25个树种。在这些树种中，有19种（代表着全部答案的50％）是乡土树种，6种是外来树种。在男人和女人的选择中存在着明显差异，尤其是在乡土树种方面。许多被人类高度重视的树木在黑猩猩的食谱中也是极其重要的。我们建议，应努力维持公园边界外乡土树种的使用和存在，并应均衡种植外来种以满足当地需要，这将有助于保护贡贝的生物多样性和当地的民族植物学遗产。Miombo woodlands and associated habitats provide a vital resource for both humans and chimpanzees in western Tanzania.A baseline survey was conducted to determine the perceived relative value of different woody species to local people in the six villages adjacent to Gombe National Park.This area also provides direct comparison of tree utilization by humans and chimpan- zees since it has been the site of a long-term behavioral study on chimpanzees.Four hundred and fifty-two people,all over 30 years old,were interviewed and asked to select the 10 trees that they considered to be the most important in their everyday lives:77% of the 4520 responses (represented by 260 species) were native and 23% (represented by 35 species) were exotic trees.In this study,particular focus was paid to the 25 tree species most frequently listed.Of these trees,19 (representing 50% of all responses) were native,and 6 were exotic. There was a marked difference in the choices,especially with respect to native trees,by men and women.Many of the trees highly prized by humans are also of great importance in the diet of chimpanzees.It is recommend- ed that a major effort be made to maintain the usage and availability of native trees outside the park boundary, which,in conjunction with the balanced planting of exotics for meeting local needs,should contribute to protecting the biodiversity of Gombe and the local ethnobotanical heritage.

关 键 词：树木资源 国家公园 坦桑尼亚 黑猩猩 人类 西部 乡土树种 民族植物学 

分 类 号：S7[农业科学—林学]