大型个体滑坡遥感调查  

Large scale individual landslide remote sensing

作　　者：王治华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2006年第5期516-523,共8页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(D0119-40171067)

摘　　要：个体滑坡遥感调查是“数字滑坡”技术的一部分,其需要有更高地面分辨率的图像并与中等分辨率图像相结合,需精确的空间定位及与GIS技术相结合,以易贡滑坡及天台乡滑坡遥感调查为例说明其应用。采用RS+GIS技术对易贡滑坡形态结构进行的最新研究证明高速滑体是飞行越过峡谷并在沟口碰撞解体后转变为碎屑流的,首次揭示了高速碎屑流的堆积结构,并由滑前块体及碎屑流堆积体计算证明了两者的转换关系。在天台乡滑坡遥感调查中提出了“滑坡特征点”法。由滑坡特征点的分析确定了滑坡边界及影响范围;计算了滑坡各部分的滑动距离、滑动方向和滑坡速度,滑坡规模。分析研究认为在2004年9月5日滑坡前,天台乡义和村总体上为一稳定斜坡,2003年开挖的新公路是该滑坡的潜在诱发因素。2004年9月3—5日的连续强降雨直接触发滑坡发生。Individual landslide remote sensing surveys are parts of a＂digital landslide＂ technique that requires high spatial resolution RS images and combined with mid-spatial resolution images and GIS-dependant accurate spatial positioning. The Yigong and Tiantaixiang landslides as studied by remote sensing are two examples to explain its application. A recent RS＋GIS study of the micro-geomorphologic structure of the Yigong landslide has demonstrated that Yigong sliding body moved at high velocity through a gorge and impacted a precipitous cliff changing to debris-flow. In addition, this study has revealed for the first time the depositional structure of a high speed debris-flow and proved a volume conversion relationship between the pre-sliding mass and the debris-flow deposit. For the Tiantaixiang landslide investigation, a new ＂special points＂ method has been proposed and with it the boundary and influence limitation of the landslide has been determined period. In addition , the sliding distance, orientation and velocity of various parts of landslide and the volume of the landslide have been calculated. It has been determined that before the 2004-09-05 landslide the Tiantaixiang slope was stable. Highway construction in 2003 , initiated the landslide and heavy rainfall during 2004-09-03-05 had triggered its major movement.

关 键 词：个体滑坡 高空间分辨率卫星数据 DEM易贡滑坡 天台乡滑坡 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学] P283.8[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]