人工湿地植物的选择及湿地植物对污染河水的净化能力  

Macrophyte Selection in Constructed Wetlands and Their Treatment Efficiencies on Polluted River Water

作　　者：张雨葵[1] 杨扬[2] 刘涛[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [2]国家环保总局华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [3]华中师范大学,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2006年第5期1318-1323,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家高技术发展研究计划(863)项目(2003AA601100-5)

摘　　要：阐述了在人工湿地中植物的作用和选择人工湿地植物的原则,分析比较了4种常用于人工湿地的植物的生长特性、环境适应性,并进行了潜流人工湿地和生物滤床(作为人工湿地的对照试验)对污染河水处理效果的比较。结果表明,在湿地床中,美人蕉(C.flaccida)和香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides)长速较快,较适合于需快速启动的湿地系统;风车草(Cyperus slternifolius)长势良好,覆盖度接近100%;纸莎草(Cyperus papyrus)长势较差,环境适应性差。在HRT为13 h的运行条件下,系统稳定运行后植物对CODMn、TP、TN、NH+4-N的平均去除率分别为3.1%、2.0%、12.7%、5.2%,植物对浊度没有明显的改善作用。人工湿地有较强的耐冲击负荷能力,在HRT为13h条件下系统的处理能力还有较大的提升空间。The roles of macrophyte in constructed wetland and the selection principles of maerophyte for constructed wetland were summarized, and the growth characteristics, acclimatization and function of four different plants in the constructed wetland treatment system were discussed. Subsurface flow constructed wetland （SFCW） and biological filter bed （BFB, one without plant as the control plot） used for treatment of polluted river water were analyzed. The results showed that in wetland gravel bed, C. flaccida and Vetiveria zizanioides grew very quickly and their removal efficiencies for pollutants were satisfactory. So they could be chosen as a fast start-up constructed wetlands system. Cyperus slternifolius grew quickly and its coverage was nearly 100%. Cyperus papyrus grew very slowly and could not acclimatize environment. At HRT of 13 h, the system operated steadily, the removal rates of CODMn, TP, TN and NH4^＋-N averaged 3.1%, 2.0%, 12.7% and 5.2% respectively by maerophyte. The removal efficiency of turbidity by macrophyte was not observed. With high resistance to shock loading, SFWC was capable of treating more pollutants at HRT of 13 h.

关 键 词：人工湿地 生长特性 生物滤床 湿地植物 污染河水 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]