垃圾堆肥及其复合肥对农田土壤N_2O排放的影响  

Influence of Urban Waste Compost and Compound Fertilizer on Emission of Nitrous Oxide from Agricultural Soils

作　　者：张振贤[1] 华珞[1] 尹逊霄[1] 徐振剑[1] 何婷婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100037

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2006年第5期1371-1374,共4页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金委与北京市教育委员会科技发展计划重点项目(KZ200310028012)

摘　　要：设置不同肥料处理小区,并将同一施肥处理分为秸秆覆盖与无覆盖两部分,种植玉米,应用静态箱-气相色谱分析技术,研究了不同施肥处理对农田土壤N2O通量的影响,并分析了土壤水分对土壤N2O通量的影响。结果表明,玉米田土壤N2O排放具有明显的季节变化,苗期玉米田土壤的排放高峰主要是施肥的原因。不同施肥处理之间土壤N2O通量的差异主要表现在:苗期堆肥处理和复合肥处理的土壤N2O平均通量分别为42.3和21.9μgN.m-.2h-1;抽穗期土壤N2O通量增大是由于受降水影响。玉米生长季节内,垃圾堆肥处理的土壤N2O平均通量大于复合肥处理;与对照相比,施用垃圾堆肥及其复合肥使农田土壤的N2O通量增加,其土壤N2O平均通量分别是对照的1.9倍和1.5倍;与无秸秆覆盖相比,秸秆覆盖使土壤N2O排放通量增大。Effects of different fertilizers on soil N2O flux from maize field were studied systematically using static chamber-GC technique. The influence of soil moisture on soil N2O flux was also discussed. It was found that N2O flux from soil showed obviously seasonal variation in maize field. The obvious differences in soil N2O flux between urban waste compost treatment and compound fertilizer treatment existed mainly in seedling stage. N2O flux from soil in maize field were 42.3 μg N ·m^-2 oh and 21.9 μg N ·m^-2 oh respectively at urban waste compost treatment and compound fertilizer treatment in seedling stage, about 5.1 and 2.6 times higher than that in control. The soil N2O emission in maize field reached a peak at seedling stage, which mainly contributed to the fertilization. In addition, the higher amount of N2O released from soil at earring stage was mainly related to precipitation. During growing season, the N2O flux from soil treated with urban waste compost was higher than that with compound fertilizer, about 1.9 and 1.5 times higher than that in control, respectively. Straw-mulching was effective method for increasing soil moisture. Generally, the released amount of N2O from soil increased when applying straw-mulching.

关 键 词：N2O释放 土壤 垃圾堆肥 复合肥 玉米 

分 类 号：S152.6[农业科学—土壤学]