乌鸦(Corvus)在沈阳市内及郊区越冬的生态学观察  

Wintering Ecology of Crows in Shenyang City

作　　者：胡东宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学辽西古生物研究所,辽宁沈阳110034

出　　处：《沈阳师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2006年第4期482-485,共4页Journal of Shenyang Normal University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：通过1987-1989年对沈阳市郊越冬乌鸦进行生态观察．发现冬季集群于沈阳市郊的乌鸦主要由小嘴乌鸦（C．corone orientalis）组成，大嘴乌鸦（C．macrorhynchus mandschuricus）趋于在郊外形成独自分散的小群．市郊的乌鸦取食地主要分布于城市东北部、西北部，以及南部40km范围内，为稻田、垃圾场、菜地和铁路沿线等环境．有东北、西北、南部3条飞行路线连结市内夜宿地和郊外取食地．乌鸦入城夜宿的高峰期为最寒冷的2～3月份，估计数量达10000只．增加郊区林地面积，减少对其夜宿林的干扰，可以减少乌鸦入城夜宿的数量．控制禽流感流行和传播，从疾病防疫角度对这一种群的动态进行监视是必要的．An ecological observation on Crows （Corvus） wintering in the city and countryside of Shenyang City was carried in the winters of 1987-1988 and 1988-1989. As a result, the species composition of crow flocks wintering in Shenyang City is C. corone orientalis and C. macrorhynchus mandschuricus, the former occupied superiority in quantity and the latter usually formed small scattered flocks at the suburban. Three constant flight routes connected the feeding sites in the countryside and the roosts in the city. The roosts in the city were on the huge buildings and the roadside trees at the main industrial district. The feeding sites of crows distributed at the northeastern, northwestern and southern suburban, as paddy field, garbage dumping grounds, vegetable field and the railway lines. The number of crows roosting into the city showed a seasonal change and the most was estimated for 10 000 in the winter of 1987-1988. The main reasons that a large number of crows gathered to the city and the countryside of Shenyang City were a warm climate inside the tirban and a rich food resource in the suburban, and a decrease of woods as roost in the suburban.

关 键 词：小嘴乌鸦 大嘴乌鸦 越冬生态 沈阳 

分 类 号：Q145.1[生物学—生态学]