近40年来辽宁地区气候干湿界线年代际波动及其成因  

Recent 40 years inter-decadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate boundary and its cause in Liaoning Province

作　　者：孙凤华[1] 袁健[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,沈阳110016 [2]辽宁省人工影响天气办公室,沈阳110016

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2006年第7期1274-1279,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技部社会公益类项目(2002DIB20069);辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(20042041)

摘　　要：应用1961—2004年辽宁省内52个气象站的温度、降水、湿度、风和日照等气候资料，采用改进的Penman模型计算了辽宁地区近40年的潜在蒸发量，讨论了其时空代表性及分布特征；以干燥度指数为干湿气候区的划分标准，通过对该地区近40年干湿气候界线波动状况的对比，在10年际尺度上详细分析了其干湿气候界线波动及变化规律．结果表明，20世纪60年代以来，辽宁省干湿气候界线波动显著，呈现出整体移动的特征，但半湿润与湿润、半干旱与半湿润两条界线并未表现出同进、同退的年际变化特征．20世纪90年代辽宁省干湿气候存在一次突变，半湿润与湿润界限明显东移，半干旱与半湿润界线明显西移，半干旱和湿润区面积都显著缩小，半湿润区面积显著扩大．辽宁西部的气候干湿状况主要由西太平洋副热带高压和东南季风控制，辽宁东部的气候干湿状况除受西太平洋副热带高压和东南季风的影响外，还应考虑到地形降水的作用。Based on the 1961 ～ 2004 observation data of temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, and solar radiation from 52 weather stations, and by using revised Penman formula, this paper calculated the potential evapetranspiration in Liaoning Province during the past 40 years, with its temporal and spatial distribution and representativeness discussed and the aridity index and water budget in surface soil computed. According to the aridity index, Liaoning Province was compartmentalized into three climatic regions, i. e. , semi-arid region, semi-humid region, and humid region. The analysis of the inter-decadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate boundary in Liaoning Province showed that during the past 40 years, the dry and wet climate boundary fluctuated markedly and differentiated greatly, but the semi-humid and humid and the semi-arid and semi-humid climate boundaries did not move forward east and back west synchronously on the inter-decade scale. In 1990＇ s, the dry and wet climate had an abrupt change. The semi-humid and humid climate boundary moved toward east, and the semi-arid and semi-humid climate boundary moved toward west. The semi-arid and humid areas were reduced, while the semi-humid area was enlarged markedly. The main factors affecting the fluctuations of dry and wet climate boundary and the variations of dry and wet climate in Liaoning Province should be the Southeast Monsoon, Southwest Monsoon, and West Pacific Subtropical High. In western Liaoning, West Pacific Subtropical High and Southeast Monsoon mainly controlled the dry and wet climate status; while in eastern Liaoning, the factor topography precipitation should also be considered.

关 键 词：干湿指数 干湿气候界线 年代际波动 成因分析 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]