泡囊丛枝菌根(AM)对苍术生长发育及挥发油成分的影响  

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on growth and essential oil of Atractylodes lancea

作　　者：郭兰萍[1] 汪洪钢[2] 黄璐琦[1] 蒋有绪[3] 朱永官[4] 孔维栋[4] 陈保冬[4] 陈美兰[1] 林淑芳[1] 方志国[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700 [2]中国农业科学研究院,北京100081 [3]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091 [4]中国科学院生态环境中心,北京100085

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2006年第18期1491-1496,共6页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：科技基础性工作和社会公益研究专项(2003DIB3J110);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2006CB504701)

摘　　要：目的：观察泡囊丛枝菌根（AM）对苍术生长发育及挥发油组分的影响，以及产生该影响的土壤环境变化。方法：通过含5个重复的盆栽对照实验，比较施加AM真菌Glomus mosseae（GM）后，苍术生物量、挥发油成分及根际区土壤养分、有机质及微生物群落功能多样性的变化。结果：①苍术对AM依赖性达到245％。t检验表明，VA组苍术的株高、叶片数、叶面积、生物量都显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）；②根茎挥发油的GC—MS分析，结合聚类分析和主成分分析表明，AM组与CK组苍术挥发油中归一化百分含量相对较大的主要组分基本没有差别；③土壤养分检测表明，AM组根际土全氮、碱解氮、有效磷及有效钾的含量均低于CK组；④GC—MS分析发现，AM组和CK组土壤有机质变化不完全相同，表现为AM组的组分5，6比CK组高，而CK组的组分9～11比AM组高；⑤土壤微生物多样性的Biolog检测发现，AM组的AWCD值在整个温育过程中始终高于CK组，在反应192h后，AM和CK2组土壤的AWCD值分别达到0．66和0．46。t检验表明，72h和168h时AM组和CK组的微生物shannon及McIntosh＇s均匀度基本一致，shannon多样性指数及McIntosh’s多样性指数在72h差异不明显，而168hAM组均高于CK组（P〈0．05）。结论：接种AM真菌，能促进了苍术根系对土壤养分的吸收，提高苍术根际土壤微生物的功能多样性及代谢活性，影响苍术根际区有机质组成，从而显著促进苍术的营养生长，但在实验期间未造成苍术挥发油质量的变异。Objective ： To study the effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae on cultivated Atractylodes lancea. Method： Pot experiment of A. lancea, with（code as AM） or without （code as CK） Glomus mosseae（GM） was conducted 5 times respectively, then the biomass, essential oil, and soil nutrition, soil organism, soil microbial were detected after A. lancea were harvested. Result： （1）Mycor- rhizal dependency of A. lancea was 245%, and height of individuals, numbers of leaves, leaf area, biomass of A. lancea were all higher in AM than in CK（ P 〈 0. 05 ）. （2） GC-MS analysis with cluster analysis and principal components analysis showed that there were no differences in essential oil of A. lancea between AM and CK. （3）Total N, available N, available P and available K in AM soil were all lower than in CK soil. （4） GC-MS analysis showed organic matters changed differenly in AM soil and CK soil, components 5,6 in AM soil were higher than that in CK soil, but component 9, 10, 11 were lower in AM soil than that in CK soil.（5） Biolog detect showed AWCD of AM soil microbe were higher than that of CK soil throughout the incubation, and AWCD of the former was 0. 66, and the later was 0. 46 after 192 h incubation, and t-test showed, Shannon seven indices and Mclntosh＇seven indices were same both at 72 h and 192 h, and diversity indices of Shannon and Mclntosh were also same at 72 h, but AM soil microbe were higher than CK soil microbe at 168 h （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion： AM could promote nutrition uptake, improve the function diversity and activity of microbe in rhizosphere of A. lancea, influence the composition of the organic matter, that lead the growth of A. lancea, but not to the quality.

关 键 词：苍术 AM真菌 挥发油 微生物群落 土壤质量 

分 类 号：S567.211[农业科学—中草药栽培]