基于农业气象和农业种植结构的区域农业需水研究——以唐山市为例  

Study on the regional agricultural water requirements based on the agricultural meteorology and plant structures——A case of Tangshan city

作　　者：杨贵羽[1] 秦大庸[1] 李志祥[2] 朱厚华[1] 刘俊[1] 王金成[2] 王浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044 [2]唐山市水务局,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2006年第5期12-16,共5页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：唐山市政府资助的唐山市水资源综合规划项目

摘　　要：农田需水量预测是农业灌溉需水量的关键,其合理利用与农业水资源高效利用、科学管理有极为重要作用。为合理分析区域农田需水量,本文在全面分析农田需水量计算方法的基础上提出了以区域水资源合理配置为基础,将优化作物布局,调整种植结构,和采取作物适时灌溉相结合条件下的经济灌溉需水量预测方法;并以唐山市为例,采用45年的水文气象资料对未来20年全市充分和经济灌溉条件下的农田灌溉需水定额和灌溉需水量作了预测。结果表明,唐山市2010年、2020年经济灌溉需水量较充分灌溉条件下的农田综合灌溉定额分别减少76.9mm、68.0 mm,对应的农田用水量分别下降了4.07×108m3和3.59×108m3。比较不同灌溉条件下的农业需水量变化发现在农业灌溉中采用经济灌溉方式将有利于缓减未来农业供需水不足的矛盾。Estimation of field water requirements is the key content of the agricultural irrigation demand. Reasonable and high efficient utilization and scientific management for agricultural water resources will be played a very important function. To reasonably analyze the regional field water requirements, this paper put forward an estimating method of agricultural economical water requirements based on rational water resources allocation and complete analysis of calulating methods of field water requirements, under the conditions of optimal crop layout, adjusting plant structure and adopting suitable irrigation. At the same time, Tangshan city was as a case, 45 years hydrological and meterological data have been used to estimate the irrigation quota and irrigation requiremets in future of 20 years, under the full irrigation condition in Tangshan city. The results shown that the comprehensive field irrigation quote will be decreased 76.9 mm, 68. 0 mm and the gross agricultural water requirements will be reduced 0. 407 billion m3 and 0. 359 billion m3 in 2010 and 2020 respectivily. These results show that economical irrigation mode will be usefull to alleviate the contradiction between agricultural water demand and water supply.

关 键 词：农业需水预测 充分灌溉 经济灌溉 唐山市 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]