介水性隐孢子虫病及其预防控制  

Water-borne Cryptosporidiosis and its Prevention and Control

作　　者：阮素云[1] 许慧慧[1] 郭常义[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海200336

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2006年第5期440-442,共3页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：介水性隐孢子虫病是由于饮用了含隐孢子虫卵囊的水引起的以腹泻为主要症状的消化道传染病。隐孢子虫为一类寄生在哺乳类、鸟类和人类体内的肠道原虫，感染此病的动物和人粪便中有大量隐孢子虫卵囊。卵囊体积小（直径4～6μm），人感染130个左右的卵囊即可致病。卵囊能抵抗饮用水常用消毒剂，在水和土壤中可存活数月。因此，如水源附近，或水源上游地表中存在高浓度的卵囊，而水厂处理工艺不良或处理失误时，就极易发生隐孢子虫病的介水性爆发流行。当前，随着城市规模发展演进到城市群带来人口的高度聚集和城乡集约化畜、禽养殖业的发展，城乡生活垃圾、生活污水和养殖业污水的排放量迅速增加，使得部分人、畜、禽粪尿污染环境和水，故对隐孢子虫病介水传播的危险性必须予以重视。Water-borne cryptosporidiosis is an alimentary infectious disease caused by cryptosporidium oocysts through contamination of drinking water. Cryptosporidium is a protozoan autoeciouse in mammalian, birds and humans. Numerous cryptosporidium oocysts could be found in the excrement of animals and humans suffering from cryptosporidiosis. The size of an oocyst is very small （ 4 - 6 μm in diameter ）. And a person infected with 130 oocysts will develop cryptosporidiosis. The oocysts are resistant to the disinfectants commonly used in drinking water, so that they can survive in the water or soil for as long as several months. Therefore, if there is a high density of cryptosporidium oocysts existing nearby the water source, or on the ground surface up-stream of the waterworks, cyptosporidiosis can breakout easily, once mistreatment in the waterworks happens or their regular water disinfection is not effective. Nowadays, with the economic development, more and more people have concentrated in the cities, and livestock and poultry farming have been growing. Rubbish, wastes and waste water from people＇s daily life and from the farming as well have partly become a source of contamination which may contribute to the spread of water- borne disease including cryptosporidiosis. Therefore, attention should be paid to the current situation to prevent cryptosporidiosis from spreading.

关 键 词：隐孢子虫 卵囊 地表水 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]