潮间带大弹涂鱼产卵习性和自然受精卵孵化研究  

Spawning habits of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris in intertidal mudflat and hatching experiment of natural fertilized eggs

作　　者：张其永[1] 洪万树[1] 陈仕玺[1] 吴仁协[1] 王琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与环境学院海洋学系厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2006年第5期68-73,共6页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40476056);福建省重大科技项目(2003No26);福建省科技重大专项项目(2004SZ01-02)

摘　　要：从环氧树脂模型揭示了福建省福宁湾潮间带滩涂大弹涂鱼Boleophthalmus pectinirostris洞穴的整体结构。多数洞穴略呈Y字形,每个洞穴有主洞口和次洞口之分。春季5—6月大弹涂鱼洞穴的中下部出现1个产卵室,产卵室横切面的上方呈拱形,底部平坦。潮间带滩涂产卵习性实验表明,产卵前性成熟雄鱼建造产卵室,并引诱性成熟雌鱼进入产卵室内交配产卵,受精卵依靠粘着丝粘在产卵室的顶部和周壁。产卵后雄鱼留洞护卵。每个产卵室的受精卵总数为3 595—4 314粒,平均为3 957粒,平均受精率高达99.67%,受精卵密度为58—114粒.cm-2,平均为87粒.cm-2。产卵室顶部和周壁受精卵的粘着丝位于上端,胚体位于下端,呈倒立状态,大多数受精卵的胚体头部朝下,为反向卵(平均占98.07%),易于孵化出仔鱼。将潮间带洞穴内产卵室受精卵取回实验室,模拟洞穴的小生境进行孵化实验。2次模拟孵化实验结果表明,受精卵始终全淹没于海水的平均孵化率(81.19%—82.90%)高于受精卵湿露24h后才全淹没于海水的平均孵化率(76.38%—79.19%)。湿露而不淹没于海水的受精卵不能孵化出仔鱼。The burrow shapes of mudskipper （Boleophthalrnus pectinirostris） in the intertidal mudflat of the Funing Bay, Fujian Province, were revealed by the models made from resin with hardener. Most burrows showed a ＂Y＂ shape, with a primary and a secondary openings. From May to June, a spawning chamber was formed in the middle-bottom of the burrow. The top of the spawning chamber was vaulted and the bottom was even from transection view. Field investigation demonstrated that during spawning seasons the male built a spawning chamber inside the burrow and attracted the female to enter the spawning chamber to mate and spawn. The female left the burrow and the male stayed there to guard the fertilized eggs after spawning. The fertilized eggs adhered to the ceiling of the chamber and the walls around the chamber with filaments. The filaments were upwards and the heads of embryos were downwards. The head direction of most embryos （accounting for 98.07%） of fertilized eggs was opposite to that of the filaments. This type of egg is called opposite egg. The egg number in the chambers ranged from 3 595 to 4 314, with an average of 3 957. Average fertilization rate of eggs reached 99.67%. The density of fertilized eggs in the chamber varied from 58 · cm^2 to 114 · cm^2, with an average of 87· cm^2. Fertilized eggs in the chambers were collected and incubated under the conditions imitating the burrow habitat. The results from two experiments showed that the average hatching rates （81.19% and 82.90%） of the fertilized eggs which had been submerged in seawater all the time were higher than those （76.38% and 79.19%） of the fertilized eggs which were submerged in sea water after 24h of wet exposure. The fertilized eggs which were only exposed wet but not submerged in seawater all the time could not hatch out.

关 键 词：大弹涂鱼 产卵室 产卵习性 自然受精卵 孵化率 

分 类 号：Q954.4[生物学—动物学] S965[农业科学—水产养殖]