假槟榔种子脱水耐性的发育变化  

Developmental Changes in Relation to Desiccation Tolerance of Archontophoenix alexandrae (Palmae) Seeds

作　　者：邵玉涛[1] 殷寿华[1] 兰芹英[1] 张晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园

出　　处：《云南植物研究》2006年第5期515-522,共8页Acta Botanica Yunnanica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCX2-SW-117)

摘　　要：对假槟榔(Archontophoenix alexandrae)种子和胚发育过程中脱水耐性的变化、不同脱水速率对脱水耐性的影响及种子的萌发和贮藏特性进行了研究。种子含水量在花后55～70d逐步降低,随后不再变化,并保持在较高水平(37%);花后90d的种子获得最大干重。花后60d后种子获得萌发能力,花后70d达到最大值。在交替光照下(14h光照,10h黑暗,12μmolm-2s-1),种子在15℃～40℃下均能萌发,其萌发的适宜温度范围为30℃～35℃;但光照对种子的萌发有较大的抑制作用。种子和胚在花后55～90d,脱水耐性逐渐增强;花后90d种子和胚的脱水耐性最强,此时种子和胚的半致死含水量分别为0.18g/g和0.3g/g。脱水至相同含水量,快速脱水的种子的存活率明显高于慢速脱水。无论是否进行脱水处理,-18℃下贮藏1个月后,种子均丧失萌发能力;在4℃,10℃和15℃下,适度脱水能延长种子的贮藏寿命。假槟榔种子不耐脱水,不适合在低温、低含水量条件下长期贮藏,属顽拗性种子。Germination of Archontophoenix alexandrae seeds and embryos were studied under gradient water content treatments throughout the seed development phases of maturation in 2005 to investigate seed desiccation tolerance and storage characteristics. During the maturation proeess, seed water content decreased gradually from 55 DAF （ days after flowering） to 70 DAF, and seeds reached the maximum dry-weight at 90 DAF. Seed germinability appeared after 60 DAF. Seeds germinated with a temperature range from 15℃-40℃ under alternating photoperiod （ 14 h light, 10 h dark, 12μmol m ^-2 s^-1 ）, while the best germination percentage was obtained between 30℃-35℃. A maximum germination capacity reached at 70 DAF. However, seed germination was greatly inhibited by light. Desiccation tolerance of seeds and embryos increased gradually from 55 DAF to 90 DAF and reached the maximum at 90 DAF with a semilethal water content of 0. 18 g/ g （seed） and 0.3 g/g （embryo） respectively. Rapid dehydration maintained higher seed germination percentage than that of slow dehydration when drying to the same water content. Seeds with/without water content treatments failed to germinate after 1 month storage under - 18℃, whereas appropriate desiccation treatment prolonged seed longevity under 4℃, 10℃ and 15℃ storage temperatures. It revealed obviously the recalcitrant characteristics of Archontophoenix alexandrae seed storage behaviour which are tolerant toward neither deep desiccation nor low temperatures.

关 键 词：假槟榔 种子发育 脱水耐性 脱水速率 

分 类 号：S687[农业科学—观赏园艺]