出生体重对学龄前期儿童生长发育影响分析  

Effect of birth weight and growth in early children.

作　　者：董小燕[1] 徐斌 张雷[1] 居美芳[1] 林钟芳[1] 蒋一方[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学附属儿童医院营养研究室,上海200040 [2]上海市大昌幼儿园,上海200439

出　　处：《中国儿童保健杂志》2006年第5期464-465,468,共3页Chinese Journal of Child Health Care

摘　　要：【目的】分析出生体重对儿童在其婴儿至学龄前期体格发育的影响及其血红蛋白（hemoglobin，Hb）水平改变。【方法】3～6岁儿童268名，孕周〉36周，性别不限。记录人体测量指标：出生体重及6个月、1岁、3～6岁时身高、体重。问卷调查其早期喂养特点包括完全母乳喂养时间、辅食添加起始月份、母亲育龄、家庭经济状况等内容。血液检查测定外周Hb值。按出生体重和性别分成四组，A组（男）和C组（女）出生体重2000～2999g；B组（男）和D组（女）出生体重3000～3999g。【结果】婴儿期B组和D组体重均分别明显高于A组和C组（=P〈0．05）；学龄前期B组和D组身高均分别明显高于A组和C组（P〈0．05）。B组和D组儿童身长、体重均数值位于1995年中国城区儿童身高体重百分位数表P45～P85之间，A组和C组则位于P3～P30之间。出生体重较轻婴儿0～6个月中体重增速快于出生体重较重组（P〈0．05）。出生体重较高的女童（D组）Hb水平轻度降低（110〈Hb〈120g／L）发生率明显高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。【结论】在早期喂养和家庭经济状况相当的情况下．出生体重影响婴儿至学龄前期体格增长。出生体重较轻者易发生长迟缓，追赶生长多发生在O～6个月中。出生体重较高者体格增长较理想，然而在学龄前期较易发生Hb轻度下降，考虑应作为铁营养重点关注人群。[Objective] To study the effect of birth weight（bw） of neonates on their growth in early childhood and their hemoglobin levels. [Methods] The weight and height of 268 3-6 years boys and girls wel：e investigated including weight and length at birth,6 month and 12 months. According to the birth weight and gender, four groups were divided a- mong them,A-group：boy,2 000-2 999 g;B-group：boy,3 00003 999 g;C-group：girl,2 000-2 999 g;D-group：girl,3 000 -3 999 g. The children＇s early feeding features and their families social economic status were surveyed by questionnaire. Their blood hemoglobin were tested. [Results] The mean weights in B and C groups were higher than those in A and C groups respectively during neonate to early childhood（P〈0.05）. So were the mean length in early childhood. The percentage of the mean weight and length in B and D groups were located in P45 to P85 ,while those in A and C,P3 to P30. During the first 6 month, the increment of weight was faster in lower bw groups, A and C（P〈：0.05）. However, the ratio of lower Hb （110 〈 Hb〈 1 2 0 g / L ） was 39. 53% in D group, the higher bw of girls, which was the highest among four groups （ P〈0.05）. [Conclusions] Birth weight affects on the later growth and development of children after birth under the comparative social economic status and early feeding patterns. Young children bored with lower bw are susceptible to growth retardation, and catch-up growth usually occurred in the first 6 months. In comparison, young children bored with higher bw, are expected an ideal growth and development but are prone to developing a lower Hb level as the cost of the rapid growth. So the optimal nutritional intervention should be considered according to the different condition.

关 键 词：出生体重 学龄前儿童 生长发育 血红蛋白 

分 类 号：R194.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]