甘蓝型油菜亚倍体(2n=30)后代的染色体及基因组组成分析  

Chromosomal and genomic compositions of progenies from Brasscia napus hypoploid(2n=30)

作　　者：华玉伟[1] 葛贤宏[1] 李再云[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室国家油菜改良(武汉)分中心,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2006年第3期240-244,共5页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：教育部跨世纪优秀人才基金;国家自然科学基金(30070413)

摘　　要：甘蓝型油菜亚倍体（2n=30）与白菜杂交后代的染色体数目为2n=22、24—28、31，自交后代的染色体数目为2n=30—36。对此亚倍体自交后代进行扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）指纹分析并按照类平均法（UPGMA）进行聚类分析，它们被明显分为甘蓝型油菜类（I）和白菜及白菜型油菜类（Ⅱ）两类。I类植株基因组组成与甘蓝型油菜相似，Ⅱ类植株则与白菜及白菜型油菜相似。在花粉的可染性、单角结实率和单株结角率等性状上，Ⅱ类植株较I类植株表现更好。据此推测白菜型后代是由A基因组染色体和与A基因组同源性较高的部分C基因组染色体的配子结合而产生。The conventional cytological observations were carried out on selfed progenies （2n = 30 - 36 ） of Brassica napus hypoploid（2n = 30） and the hypoploid × B. rapa hybrids （2n =22, 24 - 28, 31）. And progenies of the hypoplold were analyzed by cluster analysis with amplified fragments length polymorphism （AFLP） marker and divided into two groups according to coefficients of genetic similarity： B. napus group （ I ） and B. rapa group （ Ⅱ ）. The grouping indicated that the genomic complements of plants in type I were similar to those of B. napus and type Ⅱ to those of B. rapa. Some plants with the same chromosome numbers were classified into different groups, suggesting that they had different chromosome complements. Plants in type Ⅱ had higher pollen stainability and seed - set than those of type I . It is deduced that plants in type Ⅱ were produced by the combinations of the gametes with A genome chromosomes and partial C genome chromosomes with higher homoeology to A genome and these gametes were more viable than others produced by the hypoploid. Finally, the implications of the results were discussed.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 亚倍体 配子活力 扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP) 细胞学 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] Q343.2[生物学—遗传学]