元谋冬早蔬菜（豇豆）物理防治病虫害的效果  

The result of physical measures to preventing diseases and pests at cowpea production in Yuanmou early winter

作　　者：戴剑鸿[1] 何璐[1] 麻继仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2006年第B09期231-235,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：通过田间调查豇豆整个生育期的主要病虫害（白粉病、病毒病、斑潜蝇、豆荚螟、蚜虫）的发生情况，初步发现不同的物理防治措施在控制病虫害方面的作用存在差异，同时结合豇豆的产量、质量、经济效益及其对天敌的影响，综合评价了物理防治在控制豇豆病虫害中的作用。结果表明，网防区与自然控制区相比，对斑潜蝇的防效达83．9％，对豆荚螟、蚜虫的防效高达100％，并且有效地预防了病毒病的发生，防效达95．5％，但由于网防区的增湿增温作用，白粉病危害较黄板区、灯防区严重；黄板区与灯防区在降低成虫虫口基数上都起到了良好的效果，平均每天：黄板诱虫71．8头／块、杀虫灯80．5g／台（金龟子和夜蛾分别占62．5％、34．3％），并且有效地保护了各种天敌，在豇豆上的防效也较为理想。而从经济效益的角度相比，网防区（39537元／hm^2）〉黄板区（33270．0元／hm^2）〉灯防区（30567．0元／hm^2）〉常规区（24640．5元／hm^2）。This text investigate the main diseases and pests （powdery mildew, mosaic, leaf miner, bean pod borer, aphid） in whole breeding time of cowpea in the field, find preliminarily that different physical measures have differences in preventing and curing diseases and pests. At the same time, combining the yield, quality, economic benefits and impact on natural enemy of the cowpea, comprehensive appraisal physical prevention and cure on control diseases and pests of cowpea. The result indicates, compare between the network defence area and natural control zone, up to 83.9% of preventing leaf miner, up to 100% to preventing bean pod borer and aphid, thus effective prevent the emergence of mosaic, It is up to 95.5% to defend .But because network defence increase the temperature and humidity, powdery mildew becomes more serious than yellow beard area and light defence area; The yellow beard and light defence both made a good effect in reducing adult worm＇s base figure, Yellow beard trap and kill average 71.8 / piece every day, light defence 80.5 g / light （chafer and moth accounts for 62.5%, 34.3% separately）, and effective protect various kinds of natural enemies, the result on the cowpea is comparatively ideal. Compare in terms of economic benefits, network defence area （39 537 yuans / hm^2） 〉yellow beard area （33 270 yuans / hm^2） 〉 light defence area （30 567.0 yuans/hm^2） 〉 rutine area （24 640.5 yuans/hm^2） .

关 键 词：物理防治 豇豆 病虫害 控制效果 

分 类 号：S643.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]