暴雨云团的卫星监测和研究进展  

A Review of Satellite Observed Heavy Rainfall Cloud Clusters

作　　者：方宗义[1] 覃丹宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2006年第5期583-593,共11页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"我国南方致洪暴雨监测与预测的理论和方法研究"(2004CB418305);中国气象局气象新技术推广项目(CMATG2006M03)共同资助

摘　　要：该文对卫星监测、分析和研究暴雨云团的国内外若干研究结果和进展给予了简要综述。主要涉及卫星遥感监测和分析暴雨云团的适宜尺度,中尺度对流复合体,东亚梅雨锋暴雨云团的监测和分析,卫星资料同化和数值模拟及问题与展望等方面的内容。Mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） which produce heavy rainfall are commonly depicted as heavy rainfall cloud clusters （HRCCs） on satellite cloud imagery. Since Maddox found the mesoscale convective complexes （MCC）, which produce the bulk of the warm season rainfall over much of midwestern Unite States, the early studies mainly focus on these kinds of long-lived and large-scaled HRCCs. A brief review of HRCCs including the proper and advantaged scales of HRCCs for satellite observation, the MCC, the Meiyu frontal HRCC especially in the East Asia, and the satellite data assimilation/modeling of HRCCs are presented. Meanwhile, some prospects are discussed for future HRCCs studies. In the past decades, most HRCCs studies are synoptic and/or statistic analyses, only a few reports are on the satellite assimilation and modeling. Also the integration with the rapid developing mesoscale theories is not enough that new theories and new diagnostic methodologies are still less documented. The future HRCCs studies should be more closely combined with mesoscale theories and remote sensing reanalysis techniques to study furher into the mechanism of HRCC initiation and development. In order to combine HRCCs studies with practice, not only oval-shaped MCCs but also other shape MCSs should be considered. In a word, new HRCCs classification should be adopted according to their cloud-top shapes and scales. And the general characteristics of HRCCs in China, including their life cycle, activities etc, would be gained through a broad investigation. Furthermore, up-to-date remote sensing techniques are providing a great many data, for example, the temperature/moisture profiles from AMSU/TOVS retrieval and the cloud hydrometers from TMI/TRMM retrieval. These new data should be introduced to HRCC study for concerning inner cloud dynamics, thermodynamic processes and microphysics issues.

关 键 词：卫星监测 暴雨云团 中尺度对流复合体 

分 类 号：P426.62[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]