四种沙蜥的形态地理变异:Bergmann和Allen规律的检验  

Altitudinal variations of morphological characters of Phrynocephalus sand lizards: on the validity of Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules

作　　者：金园庭[1] 田仁荣[1] 刘发[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《动物学报》2006年第5期838-845,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(No.30270194)~~

摘　　要：本文通过比较四种沙蜥近缘种:青海沙蜥(Phrynocephalus vlangalii)、荒漠沙蜥(P.przewalskii)、变色沙蜥(P.versicolor)和叶城沙蜥(P.axillaries)形态特征和分析青海沙蜥种群沿海拔梯度的变异来验证Bergmann和Allen规律在爬行动物沙蜥属的适用性。生存在邻近地区不同海拔梯度的四种沙蜥个体大小种间比较显示遵循Bergmann和Allen规律,分布于高海拔的青海沙蜥尾椎骨数显著少于其它三种低海拔沙蜥,这种沿海拔梯度种间形态变异可能主要由遗传因素决定。青海沙蜥随海拔梯度的上升个体变小,四肢变短,形态变异反Bergmann规律,相对尾长随海拔变异遵循Allen规律,但相对四肢长度反Allen规律。这种变异可能更受到不同海拔梯度环境特征,尤其是高海拔缺氧和食物短缺的影响。To test whether Bergrnann＇s and Allen＇s rules are applicable to Chinese sand lizards, we surveyed morphological character variation between populations of Phrymocephalus vlangalii along broad elevation gradients, and compared the body sizes of four species oi Phrynoephalus lizards （P. vlangalii, P. przewalskii, P. versicolor and P. axillaries ） which occupy different altitudinal gradients. Body size of P. vlangalii decreased with increasing altitude and arm and leg length were negatively correlated with altitude. Body size variation showed that P. vlangalii did not follow Bergmann＇ s rule. Relative arm and leg length were against Allen＇s rule, but relative tail length measures gave opposing results. Morphological variations in of P. vlangalii may be more affected by environmental factors, such as low oxygen partial pressure and short of food availably, rather than by genetic or other factors. Body size comparison of the four lizards supported Bergmann＇s rule. The shorter relative arm and leg length of the lizards at higher altitudes indicated that they obey Allen＇ s rule. P. vlangalii had fewer tail vertebrae than the other three lizards. We forecasted genetic factors might contribute mainly to body size variation in species level.

关 键 词：沙蜥 地理变异 Bergmann规律 Allen规律海拔 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]