飞行变压性眩晕动物模型的建立  

Establishment of alternobaric vertigo animal model

作　　者：金占国[1] 徐先荣[1] 张扬[1] 马哓莉[1] 张素红[1] 王淑红[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军总医院全军临床航空医学中心,北京100036

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2006年第2期92-96,F0003,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：全军医药卫生指令性课题(04XL022)

摘　　要：目的建立变压性眩晕的动物模型,观察前庭功能和前庭终器形态学的变化。方法20只健康豚鼠描记前庭功能后随机分成4组,每组各5只动物。A组行右鼓膜造孔,B组行左咽鼓管阻塞,C组行右鼓膜造孔并左咽鼓管阻塞,D组为对照组。实验组动物建模后和对照组动物置于低压舱内,反复升降3次,观察动物躯体反应和自发性眼震,出舱后即刻复查前庭功能,最后行前庭终器的形态学观察。结果①在低压舱上升时,实验组动物均出现了前庭躯体异常反应;15只动物中有12只(A组3只,B组4只,C组5只)出现了快相向左的水平性眼震,持续数十余秒到数分钟;出舱后即刻复查前庭功能,A组正弦摆动实验4只动物左右向眼震不对称比大于正常,B组和C组正弦摆动实验和旋转急停实验5只动物不对称比均大于正常。②光镜和透射电镜显示实验组动物前庭终器毛细胞胞浆及线粒体空泡样变,扫描电镜示毛细胞纤毛局限性倒伏、缺失(C组最明显,B组于A组和C组之间)。结论双侧中耳不平衡压力及中耳相对高压,引起了前庭功能变化和前庭终器的形态学改变。本设计可作为深入研究变压性眩晕的动物模型。Objective To establish animal model of alternobaric vertigo and to observe the change of its vestibular function and morphology of vestibular end organs. Methods Twenty healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups （n= 5）. For group A, right tympanic membrane of the animal was artificially perforated; group B, left eustachian tube was artificially obstructed; group C, right tympanic membrane perforated together with obstructed left eustachian tube; group D served as control group. The animals underwent rapid change of atmosphere pressure by ascending to 5000 m at the speed of 50 m/s in hypobaric chamber and descended at the speed of 20 m/s for 3 times with 15 min interval between 2 ascendings. Somatic reaction and spontaneous nystagmus were observed during the experiment. The vestibular function was reexamined by sinusoidal rotational testing and step postrotional testing using VTS-Ⅲ vestibular function examination system before and after hypobaric chamber testing. After that histological examination of end organ of vestibular system was performed. Results During ascending abnormal somatic reactions occurred in all animals of 3 experimental groups, left horizontal nystagmus were recorded in 12/15 animals of experimental group （3 animals of group A, 4 animals of group B, 5 animals of group C）. The results of vestibular function testing after hypobaric chamber test showed that the abnormal asymmetrical ratio （AR） of left-right nystagmus for sinusoidal rotational testing （AR〉11.9%） occurred in 4/5 animals of group A and all animals of group B and group C, and abnormal AR for step postrotional testing （〉11.6%） occurred in 3/5 animals of group A and all animals of group B and group C. Histological examination showed degenerative changes of epithelial cells of vestibular end organs. Conclusions The establishment of alternobaric vertigo model in guinea pigs by inducing asymmetric pressure of left and right middle ears was successful. It is helpful for further investigations on mech

关 键 词：眩晕 前庭 压力 疾病模型 动物 眼震 低压舱实验 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]