美国露天采矿环境保护标准及其对我国的借鉴意义  

Environmental Protection Standards for Surface Mining in the United States and Their Significance as Reference to China.

作　　者：曹学章[1] 刘庄[1] 唐晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家环境保护总局南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2006年第4期94-96,共3页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家科技基础条件平台项目(2004DEA71160)

摘　　要：概述了美国露天采矿环境保护标准并总结其特点:(1)一般性和特殊性相结合;(2)采矿破坏地生态恢复涵义广,涉及矿区内所有受扰地区;(3)管理当局可针对具体矿山更改某些要求;(4)有完善的配套法规保障标准的执行。基于美国在采矿环境保护方面的经验,提出了我国矿产开发生态保护与恢复标准制定的4点设想:(1)涵盖矿产开发造成生态影响的每一个环节和所有的受扰地区;(2)尽量考虑各种具体情况;(3)体现生态恢复的全面性;(4)完善相关法规,保障标准实施。A brief introduction is given to the environmental protection standards for surface mining in the United States, and their characteristics are summarized as follows： （ 1 ）generality is merged with the specificity; （2）ecological rehabilitation in mining area is broader in connotation and covers all the disturbed lands in the region ; （ 3 ） the regulatory authority may specify requirements varying from that provided in the standards in light of the specific conditions of a mining field ; and （4） a sound set of matching regulations is available to guarantee implementation of the standards. On the basis of the US experience in this field, the following ideas are raised for formulating the standards for ecological protection and rehabilitation in mining activities in China： （ 1 ） every step of the mining activities that may affect the ecological environment and all the disturbed lands within the mining area should be covered ; （ 2 ） as many specific conditions as possible should be taken into consideration; （3）ecological rehabilitation should be considered comprehensively; and （4）relevant regulations should be consummated so as to ensure implementation of the standards.

关 键 词：美国 采矿 环境保护 标准 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]