油藏厌氧微生物研究进展  

Recent Advances in Anaerobic Microbiology of Petroleum Reservoirs

作　　者：承磊[1] 仇天雷[1] 邓宇[1] 张辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部沼气科学研究所,成都610041

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2006年第5期740-744,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科技资源平台项目(2005DKA21201);科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项(2003D56J074);四川省应用基础研究课题(04JY029-03)资助~~

摘　　要：地下深层油藏是独特的缺氧环境,目前还没有直接的微生物学证据表明油藏中存在真正意义上的“本源微生物”,但经注水开发后的油藏中确实蕴藏着复杂的微生物区系.油藏性质决定了油藏厌氧微生物特殊的群落结构,而油藏微生物的作用也可以改变油藏的理化及地质学特性.油藏中厌氧微生物按生理类群主要可分为发酵细菌、硝酸盐还原菌、铁还原菌、硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷古菌.本文综述了国内外近年来油藏微生物学的研究进展,简述了微生物分子生态学在油藏微生物学研究中的应用,并对当前的研究提出了一些思考.Petroleum reservoirs are always found under anaerobic environmental conditions and there is not direct microbial evidence whether indigenous microbes survive in deep subsurface petroleum reservoirs or not, but there are various microbes in water -flooded petroleum reservoirs that are found and categorized into fermentative bacteria, nitrate -reducing bacteria, iron -reducing bacteria, sulphate -reducing bacteria, methanogenic archaea. The diversity of petroleum microorganisms depend on the physical characteristics and chemical composition of the petroleum reservoirs, but they also affect this special environment. The current knowledge about these bacteria and the application of molecular methods in microbiology of petroleum reservoirs is reviewed. Also, some suggestions towards further research on microbiology of petroleum reservoirs are given in this paper.

关 键 词：油藏 厌氧微生物 微生物采油技术 

分 类 号：TE357.9[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]