煤都大同市大气环境中的颗粒物、有机污染物和金属元素的分析研究  

ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE,ORGANIC POLLUTANTS AND METAL ELEMENTS IN DATONG AMBIENT AIR

作　　者：丁中华 马西林[2] 刘瑞莲[2] 赵振华[3] 全文熠[3] 田德海[3] 

机构地区：[1]大同市环境保护研究所,大同037006 [2]大同市环境保护局,大同037006 [3]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学进展》1996年第1期19-40,共22页

摘　　要：对大同市大气环境中的颗粒物、气相和颗粒物上的有机物污染和可吸入尘中的金属元素进行了分析研究。分别在2个年度对大同市不同功能区的可吸入尘(I.P.<10μm)浓度进行了测定,结果都是采暖期的浓度高于非采暖期,全部测定值均高于国家二类地区日均值的标准(0.15mg/m^3),测定了 IP 与总悬浮颗粒(TSP)的相关关系,证明有非常显著的相关(r=0.8710,n=15),IP 占 TSP的50%左右。测定了 TSP 上二氯甲烷萃取物的总量,不同功能区的样品差异较大,TSP 上萃取物的含量在20%～45%之间。用 GC/MS 和 HPLC 分别对气相和 TSP 上的有机污染物进行了分析,鉴定出的气相主要有机污染物38种;颗粒物上的有机污染物83种;苯系物及芳烃类化合物38种;烷烃类31种;酚类、酮类、含氮化合物和酞酸酯类14种。用等离子发射光谱法定量分析了 IP 中的重金属元素,水溶性金属有 Na、Li、Ni、Cr、Cd、Tl、V、Cu、Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Co、Fe、Sr、Bi、Pt、Mo、Ba 等19种,酸溶性金属24种:Be、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd、Tl、V、Cu、Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Co、Al、Fe、Sr、Bi.Pt、Pd、Ga、Ba、Mo、Li 和 Na。不同功能区样品的浓度不同,但都是采暖期样品中金属元素的浓度高于非采暖期。讨论了所得结果的意义.并提出了控制污染的有关建议。The atmospheric particulates,organic pollutants in both vapor and particulate phases, and metal elements from inhalatable particulate(IP) in Datong ambient air were studied.The IP from different functional districts in Datong in two years were determined.The data ob- tained varied in different functional districts,all IP concentration in heating seasons is higher than those in non-heating seasons.Data showed that the concentration of IP in Datong ambi- ent air correlated positively with the concentration of the total suspended particulates(TSP) (r=0.8710,n=15).The IP concentration accounts for about 50% of the TSP. The extracts in methylene chloride representing the total polluted organic materials ac- count for about 20%～45% of TSP.The analysis of organic pollutants in both vapor and particulate phases were performed using GC,GC/MS and HPLC.38 compound in vapor phases were identified.The identified compounds in TSP have 83 compounds.38 compounds of benzene series and other aromatic hydrocarbons,31 compounds of paraffines,and 14 com- pounds of phenols,ketones,nitrogen-containing organic and phthalates. The heavy metal elements in IP were determined using ICP and AA.The metal by wa- ter extract have Na,Li,Ni,Cr,Cd,Tl,V,Cu,Mn,Zn,Mg,Ca,Co,Fe,Sr,Bi,Pt,Mo,and Ba.The metals by acid extract have Be,Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd,Tl.V,Cu,Mn,Zn,Mg,Ca,Co,Al, Fe,Sr,Bi,Pt,Pd,Ga,Ba,Mo,Li and Na.The concentration of those metals in IP from dif- ferent functional districts were different,but all increased in heating season. The results were discussed and put some suggests to the government.

关 键 词：大同市 污染物 大气 颗粒物 空气污染 金属元素 

分 类 号：X510.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]