国家健将级女子铁饼运动员腾空和过渡阶段肩关节运动损伤的生物力学分析  

Biomechanics analysis of sports injury of the shoulder joint at the empty out and transition stage of national excellent female discus athletes

作　　者：李元敬[1] 王旭光 赵双印[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北经贸大学体育部,河北省石家庄市050061 [2]曲周县第一中学,河北省邯郸市057200

出　　处：《中国临床康复》2006年第44期38-40,共3页Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation

摘　　要：目的:采用问卷调查法和三维运动生物力学分析法,调查国家健将级优秀女子铁饼运动员腾空和过渡阶段肩关节运动损伤原因。方法:2004-06/07发放调查问卷14份,调查14名国家健将级优秀女子铁饼运动员肩关节损伤构成比。2005-03采用近景动态立体摄影的测量方法,用两台有电子快门的进口松下摄像机,对运动员现场比赛、训练进行定点拍摄,拍摄频率为50Hz。再采用爱捷运动录像快速反馈分析系统,进行图像采样和数据计算,获取生物力学指标,重点分析腾空和过渡阶段肩关节的生物力学特点,包括左脚离地瞬间至左脚着地瞬间肩髋角、拉引角、肩轴角、左肩速、右肩速等指标。结果:①14份问卷全部收回,有效率100%。通过对问卷的分析,发现国家健将级优秀女子铁饼运动员肩关节损伤构成比最高的是肱二头肌长头肌肌腱损伤(34%),其次是肩袖损伤23%,肩锁关节扭伤及脱位、脱位与半脱位(盂肱关节)、三角肌拉伤、其他分别占14%,3%,5%,18%。②腾空和过渡阶段肩关节的生物力学指标:左脚离地瞬间肩髋角度为27°,拉引角度为150°,肩轴角度为-12°;右脚着地瞬间肩髋角度为72°,拉引角度为151°,肩轴角度为-85°,左肩速度为2.43m/s、右肩速度为1.37m/s;左脚着地瞬间肩髋角度为58°,拉引角度为136°,肩轴角度为19°,左肩速度为3.49m/s,右肩速度为1.89m/s。结论:①腾空阶段,拉引角变化幅度大,投掷臂并没有随身体向投掷方向转动,而是向后主动用力,这可能是发生肩锁关节扭伤脱位的重要因素。②过渡阶段,根据肩关节拉引角、肩轴角、肩速的变化看,此阶段发生运动损伤的可能性较小。AIM： To investigate the reasons of the shoulder joint injury at the empty out and transition moment of national excellent female discus athletes by means of questionnaires and analysis from three-diamension biomechanics. METHODS： A total of 14 questionnaires were sent out from June to July 2004. The constituent ratio of shoulder joint of national excellent female discus athletes was investigated. In march 2005, in order to acquire the index of biomechanics, athletes who were competing and training were shot, and the frequency was 50 Hz with near view dynamic stereographic measurement with two import Panasonic pick-up camera, and then sampling of the graphs and calculation of the data were conducted through the system of Aijie sports video quick feedback analysis. Biomechanics feature of should joint at the empty out and transition moment was analyzed, including the angle between shoulder and hip, angle of pull, angle of axis between shoulder, the speed of left shoulder, the speed of right shoulder and so on from the instant of leaving of the left foot to the instant of touchdown of the left foot. RESULTS： （1） A total of 14 questionnaires were retrieved with the effective rate of 100%. After the analysis of the questionnaire, most of the shoulder joint injury of national excellent female discus athletes was spring of long head of biceps brachii with formation ratio of 34%; The second was rotator cuff injury with formation ratio of 23%; The ratio of sprain of acromioclavicular joint, dislocation of acromioclavicular joint, subluxation of acromioclavicular joint, sprain of deltoid muscle, and others was 14%, 3%, 5% and 18%, respectively. （2）Biomechanics of should joint at the empty out and transition moment： In the instant of leaving of the left foot, the angle between shoulder and hip was 27°, the angle of pull was 150°, the angle of axis between shoulder was -12°; In the instant of touchdown of the right foot, the angle between shoulder and hip was 72° , the angle of pull was 151°, the ang

关 键 词：肩关节/损伤 生物力学 运动损伤 

分 类 号：R339.4[医药卫生—人体生理学]