The Institutional Environment of “Mutual Interpenetration of Scholars and Merchants” after the Mid-Ming:From the Perspective of Changes in Government Policy  

作　　者：Zhang Haiying Lin Hong(Translated ) 

机构地区：[1]Associate Professor with the Department of History, Fudan University [2]不详

出　　处：《Social Sciences in China》2006年第4期175-177,共3页中国社会科学（英文版）

摘　　要：The “mutual interpenetration of scholars and merchants” was a noticeable social phenomenon after the mid Ming. The appearance of this phenomenon had complex and deep-rooted social causes, among which institutional factors deserve attention, specifically, changes and adjustments in governmentThe ＂mutual interpenetration of scholars and merchants＂ was a noticeable social phenomenon after the mid Ming. The appearance of this phenomenon had complex and deep-rooted social causes, among which institutional factors deserve attention, specifically, changes and adjustments in government policy on this matter during the Ming and Qing dynasties： the central authorities adopted more relaxed industrial and commercial policies and local officials experimented with institutional innovations, thus creating an institutional environment favorable for commercial development and the raising of merchants＇ social standing; changes in policies relating to merchants＇ taking and passing the imperial examinations and implementation of a system of purchasing office dealt a severe blow to the traditional system of recruiting officials through the imperial examination system, opening up a channel for the ＂mutual interpenetration of scholars and merchants.＂

关 键 词：中国 明朝中期 对外贸易政策 政府决策 

分 类 号：F752.9[经济管理—国际贸易] K248[经济管理—产业经济]