跨国公司的国际人权责任  

A Study on Human Rights Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations

作　　者：宋永新[1] 夏桂英[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学法律系,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2006年第6期95-103,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省规划办基金资助项目Z04ZF03(203102-S20401)

摘　　要：经济全球化的潮流推动了跨国公司的全球扩张,而贸易自由化的原则赋予了跨国公司较多的权利而很少规定义务,在它追求利润最大化目标的同时,往往以侵犯国际人权的方式作为实现目标的手段。20世纪90年代以来,跨国公司的国际人权责任日益受到关注,尤其在生命权、劳工权、环境权等领域,对其所应当承担的国际人权义务正取得越来越多的共识,但是就现存的国际人权责任模式,无论是内部模式还是外部模式,都不足以对跨国公司的侵权行为进行规制。要强化跨国公司的责任承担模式,可以在联合国和WTO之间建立合作关系,将跨国公司的国际人权责任纳入WTO框架。The trend of economic globalization promotes global expansion of Transnational Corporations （TNCs）. Under the principle of trade liberalization, they enjoy much more rights than duties they should assume. While pursuing the goal of profit maximization, TNCs have frequently violated the international human rights law. Since 1990s, the international human rights responsibilities of TNCs have gradually drawn the attention of the public, especially in the fields of the rights to life, labor and the environment. Consensus on TNC＇s obligation in international human rights protection has been achieved among the international community. The existing modes of human rights enforcement mechanism basically fall into two categories： internal and external. The former refers to those of self-disciplinary ＂ code of production＂ formulated by TNC＇s themselves. The latter further falls into two sub-categories： host country domestic direct mechanism, home country domestic indirect mechanism and the external international modes comprising of selective mechanism of Organizations and supervisory mechanism of NGOs. Both the internal and the external modes are subject to the limitations of their own characteristics and neither of them is adequate in the control of TNC violation of human rights. In order to reinforce TNC＇s human rights enforcement mechanism, we have to seek some new mechanism beyond what has been mentioned above. First of all, as a precondition, TNCs should be conferred with a certain degree of international personality, so that their behavior can be directly regulated by international law and subject to a unified standard of human rights throughout the world. Secondly, with a view to the relation between TNCs and WTO, the authors suggest that the enforcement of TNCs＇ human rights enforcement mechanism be brought into the WTO framework, taking advantage of the efficient and fast speed dispute resolution mechanism of the WTO in order to overcome the deficiency of the existing mechanism of human rights

关 键 词：国际人权义务 国际人权责任 国际人权责任机制 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]