2005年贵州省余庆县黑线姬鼠种群特点分析  

Analysis of Population Characteristic of Apodemus agrarius in Yuqing County of Guizhou Province in 2005

作　　者：郑元利[1] 杨再学[1] 胡支先[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省余庆县植保植检站,贵州余庆564400

出　　处：《地方病通报》2006年第5期7-10,共4页Endemic Diseases Bulletin

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2005]2041号);贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长专项资金项目(黔省专合字[2005]30号)

摘　　要：目的 进一步摸清黑线姬鼠种群数量季节变化规律和种群繁殖特征的变动规律，为其种群数量预测预报模型的建立提供有价值的科学数据。方法 2005年在贵州省余庆县每月定期在稻田、旱地两种生境采用夹夜法调查，收集鼠类标本进行分类鉴定、测量外部形态，并解剖观察其繁殖状况，获取性别、怀孕率、胎仔数、睾丸下降率、繁殖指数等有关数据。结果 黑线姬鼠主要分布于稻田、旱地耕作区，是余庆县农田害鼠优势种，占农田害鼠总数的80．39％，全年共解剖标本250只（雌鼠113只，雄鼠137只），平均捕获率为5．56％，种群性比为0．82，年平均怀孕率为25．66％，平均胎仔数为5．38只，平均睾丸下降率为62．77％，平均繁殖指数为0．6240，在4—5月和8～9月出现两个种群繁殖高峰期，5—6和10—12月出现两个种群数量高峰期。不同年龄组之间怀孕率和睾丸下降率差异极显著（χ^2=21．01，P〈0．01；χ^2=83．38，P〈0．01），种群的繁殖群体为成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组、老年组。结论 黑线姬鼠是余庆县监测和防治的主要对象，每年3月和8月为最佳策略性防治时期。Objective To study the community composition and population dynamics of rodents for providing scientific basis of rodent control. Methods Rodents were investigated monthly in two habitats of rice field and dry farm by way of trap - night in Yuqing County of Guizhou Province in 2005 to collect rodents＇samples for classification and identification, exterior morphometry, and to dissect for observation on reproduction status and data collection of sex, pregnant rate, fetus number, descending rate of testis, reproduction index, and so on. Results The results showed that Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species mainly distributed in rice field and dry farming area, accounting for 80.39% of total harmful rodents in farmland. Total of 250 specimens were collected and dissected in the year （ including female of 113 and male of 137 ）. The average of captured rate was 5.56% with the sex ratio of 0.82, annual average pregnant rate of 25.66%, average fetus number of 5.38 ,average descending rate of testis of 62.77% and reproduction index of 0. 624 0. There were two reproductive peaks （ April - May and August - September） and two population peaks （ May - June and October - November） each year. There was no obvious difference in pregnant rate and descending rate of testicle among different age groups （ χ^2 = 21.01, P 〈 0.01 ;χ^2 = 83.38, P 〈 0.01 ）. The reproductive population was in the group of adult Ⅰ and Ⅱ dents for surveillance and control. as well as senile group. Conclusions March and August are the key periods Apodemus agrarius are the target tofor rodent control.

关 键 词：黑线姬鼠 种群 发生特点 繁殖 余庆县 贵州省 

分 类 号：Q959.837[生物学—动物学] Q958.156