寒武纪三叶虫生物地理区的一些问题  

Problems of Cambrian trilobite biogeography

作　　者：张文堂[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《地学前缘》2006年第6期139-144,共6页Earth Science Frontiers

摘　　要：文内叙述寒武纪三叶虫分类、分布和分区。世界上有两个寒武纪生物地理区,一个是北区,另一个是南区。斜坡带的球接子类及少数多节类是世界性分布的,仅能视作任何一区内的生态小区。两区的分界在北非的北部、土耳其的南部,再向东连接天山的北部边缘及蒙古的南部边缘。从南欧寒武纪三叶虫的情况看,是海水深度频繁变化的结果。中国任何一个地区,既不属东冈瓦纳,也不属西冈瓦纳。The predominance of platform areas on the continents during the Mesoto Neoproterozoic represents a new stage for the evolution of the animal life, such as soft-bodied marine invertebrates. Trilobite fossils, a class of the Phylum Arthropoda, developed during the Early to Late Cambrian, in different sedimentary rocks on different parts of continental platforms, such as areas of the low relief shelf, slope and deep open shelf. These different areas have different species and genera. Two Cambrian trilobite biogeographic realms characterized by trilobite families can be recognized. The first is the Northern Realm, including Europe, Siberia, central Asia, North America and South America. The characteristic trilobites are the deep and cold water Olenellina, Paradoxidoidea and Olenidae. The second is the Southern Realm, which includes Antarctica, Australia and the southern parts of Asia. The trilobites are characterized by shallow shelf Redlichiina and families of Ptychoparina. The boundary between these two realms is approximately situated in the northern marginal part of Africa, through southern Turkey. Then northeastward to the northern margins of the Tianshan Mountains and southern marginal part of Mongolia. It is worthy of special mention that the trilobites, including agnostids and some genera of polymeroids of the slope belts from both realms are eurytopic. These slope belts represent more of a special ecological significance rather than biogeographical. The occurrence of Olenellina and Redlichiina in Morocco and Spain, and Late Cambrian Palaeadotes, Stigmatoa fauna in southern Europe, is due to changeable depth of sea water in the western part of the Tethys during the Cambrian time. So far as the author is aware, most of the Chinese territory belongs to neither East Gondwana, nor West Gondwana.

关 键 词：寒武纪 三叶虫 生物古地理 

分 类 号：Q915.819.1[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]