热带太平洋活性微生物菌株的筛选和鉴定  

Screening and identification of active microorganisms isolated from the tropical Pacific Ocean

作　　者：王祥敏[1] 李明[2] 骆祝华[2] 孙佳[2] 黄翔玲[2] 叶德赞[2] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学生命科学学院,福建厦门361005 [2]国家海洋局海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2006年第4期465-472,共8页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：中国大洋矿产研究开发协会资助项目(NO.DY105-04-02-06);福建省自然科学基金计划资助项目(Z0516050)

摘　　要：从热带太平洋的生物、海水、沉积物样品中分离到细菌、酵母和霉菌共475株.选择8个指示菌并采用圆形纸片法对分离菌株的发酵液进行抗菌和抗肿瘤活性筛选,获得20个具有抗菌和/或抗肿瘤活性的微生物菌株.细菌、酵母和霉菌活性菌株的筛选得率都比较低,分别为5.4%、2.2%和3.4%,其原因可能与纸片的发酵液的添加量较少和菌株发酵条件的控制有关.同时采用分子生物学方法鉴定了活性菌株,除4株未有结果外,其余菌株分归为9个属,其中芽孢杆菌属7株、占活性菌株的35%,盐单胞菌属2株、占10%,其它菌属各1株、占5%.抑菌谱分析表明,大多数活性菌株对革兰氏阳性细菌具有抑制作用,而来源于鱼体的菌株抑菌谱较广,对细菌、真菌均有拮抗作用,另外还发现一株酵母(Rhodosporidium toruloides)可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌.作者提出“活性指示(activity index)”参数,对活性菌株的抗菌谱和活性强度进行综合评估,也表明源于鱼体的菌株的活性指示值较高.这4株芽孢杆菌尤其是DY-Y-11A1A菌株,具有潜在的后续开发价值.20 bioactive microbial strains,which showed the capacities of anti-microbes and/or antitumors,were obtained and screened by means of 8 screening models and a paper-dish technique, from a total of 475 strains consisting of bacteria, yeasts and molds isolated from samples of fishes, sea waters and sediments from the tropical Pacific Ocean. The discovered rate of bioactive strains was quite low. They were 5.4% in the bacterial isolates,2.2% in the yeasts and 3.4% in the molds respectively, probably due to less volume of cultured liquids for each test and of some un-optimal physical and chemical factors for fermentation of the tested microbial isolates. The taxonomy of the 20 bioactive strains,identified by the molecular biology, technique,belong to 9 genus,with 7 strains in Bacillus,accounting for 35% ,2 in Halomonas for 10% and only 1 in the other each genus for 5% of the total,except for 4 unidentified strains. The spectra of the bioactive strains from 8 models demonstrated that G ＋ bacteria in the screening models were inhibited by most of the bioactive strains,ineluding Stains Y-2033 （Rhodosporidium toruloide）which was interestingly against Staphylococcus aureus;while the strains isolated from fishes showed wide spectra against bacteria, fungi. When the term,＂activity index＂is suggested by the authors to compare bioactivities among the screened strains in a combination of 2 parameters of spectra and strength of activity,it is found that 4 strains of Bacillus,isolated from fishes,illuminated higher values of the index,which could be the candidates for further developments.

关 键 词：海洋微生物 生物活性 筛选 鉴定 热带太平洋 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]