过敏性鼻炎环境危险因素的病例-对照研究  

Environmental Risk Factors for Allergic Rhinitis:a Case-Control Study

作　　者：叶晓芳[1] 古雅兰[2] 马芙蓉[2] 潘小川[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京100083 [2]北京大学第三医院耳鼻喉科,北京100083

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2006年第6期489-492,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关课题基金资助项目(2001BA704B01)

摘　　要：目的探索成人过敏性鼻炎的危险因素。方法采用以医院病人为基础的病例-对照设计,于2004年4—10月在医院选取确诊的42例过敏性鼻炎病例(病例组)及57例非过敏性鼻炎病人(对照组),收集2组人群的一般社会人口学情况、疾病及健康状况、吸烟史、职业史、室内环境状况与家族史等信息,用χ2检验及非条件Logistic回归进行比较分析。结果单因素及多因素分析均显示,过敏性鼻炎病例组的居室装修率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(多因素分析:OR=0.260,P<0.05);两组在食用油的使用上,病例组的色拉油的使用率远高于对照组(多因素分析:OR=3.777,P<0.05)。另外单因素结果发现,过敏性鼻炎患者与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义的危险因素还有:职业粉尘接触率高(OR=3.379,P<0.05);家族过敏史(OR=2.882,P<0.05);居室养花的比例低(OR=0.405,P<0.05)。结论家族过敏史、装修、食用油、养花、职业粉尘接触与过敏性鼻炎的发病有一定的统计学关联,提示过敏性鼻炎与某些环境危险因素和遗传因素均有密切联系,应进一步深入研究。Objective To investigate the environmental risk factors for allergic rhinitis, especially indoor environmental risk factors. Methods Hospital-based case-control study design was used. The 42 adult patients with allergic rhinitis and 57 controls from the third affiliated hospital of Peking University were interviewed face to face by trained nurses using questionnaire, which included general social demographic characteristics, disease history, smoking, occupation, indoor environment, family allergic history and other relevant information. Results The case whose parents had allergic diseases likely got allergic thinitis （OR= 2,882,95%CI： 1,028-8.077）. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was positively associated with salad oil used for cooking （OR=3.777, P〈0.05）, exposure history of occupational dust （0R=3.379, P〈0,05） and was negatively associated with newly house decoration （0R=0.260, P〈0.05）, indoor flower cultivating （OR=0.405, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The indoor environmental risk factors such as newly decoration, flower cultivating, cooking oil as well as occupational dust exposure are associated with the onset of allergic rhinitis. The results also indicate that both environmental and genetic risk factors will play a key role in the onset of allergic rhinitis.

关 键 词：鼻炎 变应性 病例-对照研究 环境暴露 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]