农村沼气建设在公共卫生工作中的作用研究  

Functions of bio-gas construction on public health in rural areas

作　　者：孙建国[1] 李景明[2] 安家璈[1] 胡永华[3] 张刚[1] 孙晓航 孙风英[5] 白雪涛[5] 钮文异[3] 李莉[1] 杜维靖[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心健康教育所,北京100011 [2]农业部科技发展中心,北京100027 [3]北京大学医学部社会医学与健康教育系,北京100083 [4]重庆市健康教育所,重庆400060 [5]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2006年第11期822-825,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：农业部科技教育司项目(No.2005-27)

摘　　要：目的通过比较已建和未建沼气用户调查对象的健康状况,评估沼气池人畜粪便厌氧无害化的效果,研究农村沼气建设在公共卫生工作中的重要作用。方法在江西、贵州、河北和陕西四省对已建和未建沼气户1619人进行问卷调查,了解其家庭环境卫生状况与健康状况;采用改良加藤式(Kato-Kats)直接显微镜法和滤膜培养法分别检测沼液、沼渣混合液样本中的蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫、蛲虫、血吸虫等寄生虫卵,并按照GB7959-87《粪便无害化标准》进行卫生效果评估。结果已建沼气户的居室、厨房、饮水水源、厕所和庭院等环境卫生状况“好”的百分率分别达到37.48%、35.24%、51.20%、38.30%和71.67%(P<0.01);沼气户调查对象及其家人在过去1年内回答患6种常见传染病的百分率均低于未建沼气户;所检测的426个样本中,达到GB7593-87寄生虫卵灭活的无害化卫生标准的样本为96.08%。结论农村沼气建设及其综合利用是改善农村环境卫生状况的有效途径,通过沼气池厌氧发酵可有效杀灭寄生虫卵,能有效预防常见传染病的发生,沼气建设及其综合利用在农村公共卫生工作中具有十分重要的作用。Objective To compare the health status between the bio-gas users and the non-bio-gas users and evaluated the effect of bio-gas pit on the non-hazardous treatment of night soil, explore the effect of the bio-gas construction on public health in rural areas. Methods To investigate 1619 objects including the bio-gas users and non-bio-gas users on household hygiene in the provinces of Jiangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Shanxi. To examine eggs of parasites such as ascarid, hookworm, flagellate, pinworm and schistosome in the mixtures of liquid and solid in the bio-gas pit through the Kato- Kats＇ microscope and filter velum cultured in order to assess the sanitary effects according to GB7959 - 87 Sanitary Standard for the non-Hazardous Treatment of Night Soil. Results The percentage of sanitary status of rooms, kitchens, drinking water sources, lavatories and yards being good were 37.48%, 35.24%, 51.20%, 38.30% and 71.67% separately among bio-gas users. In the last year, persons suffering from six kinds of infectious diseases were less than nonbio-gas users. Bio-gas could kill eggs of parasites such as ascarid effectively. In 426 samples, there were 96.08% of them which reached the GB7959 - 87 Sanitary Standard for the non-Hazardous Treatment of Night Soil. Conclusion The biogas construction and comprehensive utilization was an effective approach to improve sanitary status in rural areas. It played a very important role of the bio-gas construction and comprehensive utilization on public health in rural areas through effects of killing parasite＇ eggs,preventing infectious diseases and ensuring peasants＇ health.

关 键 词：沼气建设 公共卫生 疾病预防控制 健康教育需求 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]