中国北方春季起沙活动时间序列及其与气候要素的关系  

Time Series of Spring Dust Emission and Its Correlative Climatic Factors in Northern China

作　　者：周自江[1] 章国材 艾婉秀[3] 张洪政[1] 牛若芸 

机构地区：[1]国家气象信息中心,北京100081 [2]国家气象中心,北京100081 [3]国家气候中心,北京100081

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2006年第6期935-941,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G2000048703);国家自然科学基金项目(40305008);国家科技基础条件平台工作重点项目(2003DEA2C009)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1961—2002年春季中国681个站沙尘天气的实测资料,将起沙机理相似的扬沙、沙尘暴通过并集运算进行复合,得到一个新的能体现完整起沙活动的时间序列。统计学检验表明,新序列较单一的沙尘暴序列具有诸多优点。进一步从681个站中筛选出代表性较好的中国北方175个站,探讨了春季起沙活动(DBS)时间序列与冷空气、大风、气温、降水等气候要素的关系。结果表明:①春季DBS与大风日数、冷空气次数的相关系数分别为0.946和0.406。②春季DBS与平均气温、最低气温、最高气温的相关系数分别为-0.494、-0.607和-0.269。③春季降水对DBS的影响主要取决于降水的强度和降水的时间分布,5mm以上的降水才能有效地抑制DBS的发生。Based on the spring sandy weather data from 681 meteorological stations in China during 1961-2002, time series of dust storm and blowing sand are recombined because of their similar mechanism, and a new series which can represent all of dust emission activities and has more merits are constructed. Furthermore, 175 stations are selected as the representatives of the main region on discussing dust emission and its correlative climatic factors in spring （March to May） in northern China. The results show： （1） correlation coefficients between spring dust emission days and gale days, cold air frequency are O. 946 and 0. 406 respectively; （2） correlation coefficients between spring dust emission days and mean, minimum and maximum temperature are 0. 494, -0. 607, and 0. 269 respectively; （3） controls of precipitation on dust emission is decided by the precipitation intensity and temporal distribution, and only precipitation is higher than 5 mm can effectively suppress dust emission.

关 键 词：中国北方 沙尘暴和扬沙 气候要素 相关分析 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]