近40年来玛纳斯河流域土壤水分补给量的变化分析  

Variations of Soil Water Replenishment in Manasi River Basin over the Last 40 Years

作　　者：莫献坤[1] 李天宏[1] 李振山[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境工程系,北京大学深圳研究生院,水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2006年第6期926-933,共8页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"西部计划"重点项目(901020162002)资助

摘　　要：以西北干旱区的新疆玛纳斯河流域为例熏针对区域自然地理和土地利用特点,利用地理信息系统的空间分析技术,根据土壤水分平衡原理熏考虑研究区内降雨、径流、地下水以及灌溉等影响因子,建立土壤水分补给模型来推算土壤补给量的空间分布;分析了近40年来穴1961—2000年雪该流域土壤水分补给量的时空变化规律。结果表明:流域内的土壤水分补给量与降雨量变化趋势一致,夏季最高,冬季最低;流域内的土壤水分补给总体上较少但也存在空间差异,其中在绿洲区最高,在山地区略高于荒漠区。Based on the soil water balance principle, this paper uses GRID data structure in the Geographical Information System （GIS）and its spatial analysis to establish a distributed hydrological model by selecting Manasi River basin in Xinjiang as a study area.Four significant factors influencing soil water replenishment,specifically precipitation,runoff, irrigation and groundwater were introduced in the model according to geographical characteristics of the study area.With this model,the temporal and spatial distributions of soil water replenishment from 1961 to 2000 were analyzed.The results showed that： （1）soil water replenishment is the greatest in June to August and the least in February in a year;（2）it varies with the precipitation in the last 40 years and reached two apexes in the 1960s and 1980s;（3）it was the greatest in oasis and the least in desert which was a bit less than in the mountain areas;and （4）the contribution of precipitation to soil water replenishment is always around 50% regardless of in wet or dry seasons.The contribution of irrigation was 36% and 0 in the two scenarios,while that of runoff remains at a low level all the time.

关 键 词：土地利用 土壤水分补给 玛纳斯河流域 分布式水文模型 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]