小麦远缘杂种幼胚胚状体的发生、发育及低温对愈伤组织分化能力的影响  

INITIATION,DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYOIDS AND EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON CALLUS DIFFERENTIATION ABILITY IN IMMATURE EMBRYOS FROM WHEAT DISTANT HYBRIDIZATION

作　　者：傅杰[1] 吴耀武[1] 陈漱阳[1] 徐霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北植物研究所,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《实验生物学报》1996年第4期313-323,共11页Acta Biologiae Experimentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金

摘　　要：通过普通小麦与滨麦、簇毛麦及山羊草属7个种杂交幼胚培养,获得8个体细胞胚性无性系(8个组合10个胚)及大量试管苗。愈伤组织及胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别为65.79%和26.32%。形态学及细胞学鉴定结果,均为真杂种。不同染色体组及同一染色体组不同基因型的幼胚,在组织培养中有明显差异。非整倍体细胞具有遗传的全能性,但当染色体数目严重偏离双单倍体数目时,其全能性即丧失。胚状体的发育具有与合子胚极相似的典型结构。由愈伤组织表层和深层细胞产生的胚状体,在形态结构上有明显区别。低温(4℃)处理早代胚性愈伤组织180—240天,以及严格筛选和及时转移,可使培养65—80代(5—6年)的愈伤组织植株分化率保持在77.73%以上。Eight embryonic somaclones (8 cross combinations) and a large number of tube shoots were obtained through the culture of immature embryos from T. aestivum crossed with L. mollis, H. villosa and 7 species of Aegilops. The rates of callus and embryonic callus induced were 65.79% and 26.32% respectively. The results of cytologic and morphologic examination show that 10 immature embryos forming 8 somaclones were all true hybrids. The immature embryos of various genomes or genotypes of same genomes differed clearly from each other in tissue culture. Dysploid cells had cytogenetic totiptency, but whentheir chromosome number deviated from amphihaploid seriously the totipotency was lost. Embryoids generated from surface layer and deep layer cells of callus showed clear differences in morphological structure. The typical structure of embryoid development was extremely similar to zy-gote embryo. The early generation calli which were treated with low temperature (4℃) for 180 to 240 days and screened strictly, and were transfered on fresh medium in time could still maintain differentiation rate of over 77.73% after being subcultured 65 to 80 generationes (5 to 6 years).

关 键 词：小麦 远缘杂交 愈伤组织 胚状体 分化能力 低温 

分 类 号：S512.101[农业科学—作物学]