1991-2005年全国地方性氟中毒监测结果分析  

Endemic fluorosis in China from 1991 to 2005: a summary of a 15-year surveillance

作　　者：刘运起[1] 赵丽军[1] 沈雁峰[1] 于光前[1] 赵新华[1] 孙玉富[1] 孙殿军[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学中国疾病预防控制中心地方病控制中心地氟病研究所,150081

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2006年第6期665-669,共5页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的掌握全国地方性氟中毒(地氟病)防治措施落实进度和病情变化动态,为政府部门制定地氟病防治策略提供科学依据。方法数据来源于1991-2005年全国地氟病各年度监测数据,全部监测工作按国家地氟病重点监测方案执行。结果①饮水型地氟病病区降氟改水率增长34个百分点,但水氟≤1．0 mg／L改水降氟工程数量则减少了近5个百分点;②燃煤污染型地氟病病区改炉改灶完成率增长了28个百分点,到2005年改炉改灶完成率达到47．22％;降氟炉灶合格率增长了26个百分点,达到92．54％;③饮水氟≤1．0 mg／L的监测点数量呈下降趋势,与水氟≤1．0 mg／L的改水工程数量减少一致;④玉米氟≤1．5 mg／kg的监测点数量总体趋势表现为减少, >1．5 mg/kg的监测点数量总体趋势表现为增加;辣椒氟≤1．0和>1．0 mg／kg的监测点数量增减变化甚微,但92％以上监测点辣椒含氟量超标:⑤饮水型病区儿童氟斑牙检出率≤30％和>30％～60％的监测点数量增加,而>60％～80％和>80％的监测点数量减少;燃煤污染型病区儿童氟斑牙检出率≤30％的监测点数量增加,而>80％的监测点数量减少。结论①饮水型地氟病病区降氟改水率增加,但≤1．0 mg／L改水工程减少和水氟回升;②燃煤污染型地氟病病区改炉改灶完成率年度递增,降氟炉灶合格率达到90％以上;玉米和辣椒含氟量下降,但幅度不大;③无论饮水型地氟病还是燃煤型地氟病,其病情被控制的监测点数量均增加,重病区监测点数量则明显减少。Objective To investigate the fulfillment of control measures of endemic fluorosis and to find out the trend of prevalence in China in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the government to formulate control strategies for endemic fluorosis. Methods All data came from the annual surveillance result from 1991 to 2005. The surveillance was carried out according to The National Survey Scheme of Endemic Fluorosis. Results ①Water improving rate in drinking water endemic area increased by 34%, but the projects producing water containing fluoride content not more than 1.0 mg/L decreased by 5%;②The rate of installing improved stoves in coal-burning endemic area increased by 28%, being 47.22% in 2005; The rate of qualified stoves increased by 26%, accounting for 92.54% in 2005. ③Survey spots with drinking water fluoride content ≤ 1.0 mg/L show a declining trend, which was accordant with the decreased number of projects producing water fluoride ≤1.0 mg/L; ④Survey sports with fluoride content in corn ≤ 1.5 mg/kg increased generally, while those 〉 1.5 mg/kg decreased ; The numbers of survey spots where the hot peppers fluoride content ≤ 1.0 and 〉 1.0 mg/kg didn＇t change a lot, but the fluoride contents in hot peppers in more than 92% of survey spots were exceeding the standard; ⑤In drinking water type endemic areas, survey spots with the detectable rate of dental fluorosis ≤ 30% and 〉 30% - 60% increased, while those 〉 60% - 80% and 〉 80% reduced. Survey spots with the detectable rate of dental fluorosis ≤30% in coal-burning type of endemic area increased, while that 〉 80% decreased. Conclusions ①Water improving rate increased in drinking water type endemic area, but the projects producing water fluoride ≤ 1.0 mg/L decreased and fluoride content in water rose again;②The rate of installing improved stoves in coal-burning type endemic area increased year by year, and the rate of qualified stove was over 90%; Fluoride contents in corn and hot peppers decreased only

关 键 词：氟中毒 监测 防治 

分 类 号：R599[医药卫生—内科学]