氮肥对套作大豆干物质积累与分配的影响  

EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF DRY MATTER IN RELAY-PLANTING SOYBEAN

作　　者：张含彬[1] 伍晓燕[1] 杨文钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,雅安625014

出　　处：《大豆科学》2006年第4期404-409,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：四川省重大攻关项目"盆周山区可持续农业发展技术与示范"(04NG020-017)

摘　　要：在麦／玉米／豆种植模式下，研究了施氮量对套作大豆干物质积累与分配的影响。结果表明，随着施氮量的提高，大豆LAI增大，叶片衰老延缓，在盛荚期保持更大的叶面积，有利于干物质的积累。适宜的施氮量（≤135kg／hm^2）在大豆结荚期后能协调植株各部分干物质的输出率，对套作大豆有明显的增产作用；高氮处理（180．225kg／hm^2）促使植株茎、叶干物质量在始熟期积累过多，而干物质的输出率降低，导致源／库比例不协调，对豆荚的贡献率降低，产量降低。就不同器官而言，叶片对籽粒的贡献率大于茎秆对籽粒的贡献率。干物质量与产量构成因素存在明显相关，在套作大豆苗期，根、茎干物质量与充实度、产量显著正相关；在套作大豆生育中、后期，叶片干物质积累量与产量构成因素呈显著负相关。综上所述，适宜施氮量（45～90kg／hm^2）提高干物质的贡献率，减少大豆秕粒，有利于套作大豆获得高额产量。In the wheat/ maize/ soybean relay-cropping pattern, the accumulation and distribution of dry matter were studied at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer （0, 45, 90,135,180,225 kg/hm^2）. The results showed that the leaf area index （LAI） of soybean was improved and leaf senescence was deferred by increasing of nitrogen levels, nitrogen treatments kept the high LAI of soybean at the growth stage of R4, which was favorable for the dry matter accumulation. Appropriate nitrogen levels （≤135 kg/hm^2） harmonized the dry matter outputting ratio （OR） to every organ of soybean after pudding, and increased yield of relay-planting soybean. The high level of nitrogen （180,225 N kg/hm^2） accumulate more dry matter before maturation, which led to the unharmonious correlation between the storeroom and source, declined the OR of dry matter, lowed the soybean yield. As different organ was concerned, contribution ratio （CR） of leaf was more than that of stem. There was correlation between dry matters accumulation and yield components, dry matter of root and stem had a significant positive correlation with seed filling and yield at seedling growth stage of relay-planting soybean, but dry leaf weight had a negative correlated with the yield components at the later growth stage. In a word, appropriate nitrogen levels （45-90 kg/hm^2） improved CR of dry mattcr and decreased vacant seed, which was effective for achieving harvest.

关 键 词：施氮量 套作大豆 干物质 产量 相关关系 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S143.1