纳米金颗粒的制备、性质及其在生物检测中的应用  

Gold nanoparticals： preparation, properties and applications of biological detection

作　　者：吕晓丽[1] 康丽娟[1] 程志强[1] 王大鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《世界元素医学》2006年第3期31-38,共8页

摘　　要：纳米金颗粒是指尺寸在1—100nm范围内的金粒子。制备方法主要采用还原剂，如柠檬酸钠、硼氢化钠等，还原氯金酸。制备过程中通过控制反应条件、试剂用量，可得到单分散性很好的金颗粒。纳米金颗粒具有两点比较重要的性质：（1）纳米金颗粒随直径的变化会呈现出不同的颜色；（2）与-SH、-NH2、-CH等基团有很强的亲和力。这些性质使金颗粒有了特殊的生化学、及医学方面的应用。金颗粒与烷基修饰的寡核苷酸通过共价键相连，组成纳米生物探针，可用于DNA序列的检测；金颗粒还可以与蛋白质相连，如与特定抗体相连，检测其相应的抗原等作用。使用金颗粒作为探针进行DNA或蛋白质检测，不仅操作简单、现象明显而且准确度、灵敏度高。本文将对金颗粒的制备、性质及在生物检测中的应用进行文献综述。The gold nanoparticles refer to the Au particles with the size between 1 and 100 nm. The gold nanoparticles could be synthesis by chemical reducing HAuCl4 with sodium citrate, NaBH4 etc. Through changing the reacting condition and the amount of agents, gold nanoparticles could be prepared with monodispersity and narrow size distributions. The Au particles have two important properties： （ 1 ） The particles appear different colors with different diameters. （2） The particles have strong chemical affinity with -SH, -NH2, -CN and so on. These properties make the gold nanoparticles have a lot of important applications in the fields of biochemistry and medicine. Mercaptoalkyoligonucleotide- modified gold nanoparticles as probes could be used to detect the DNA sequence through hybridization. The particles can also connect with protein. For example, connecting with special antibodies could be used to detect relevant antigen .These detection methods not only have simple operation and obvious phenomena but also could obtain highly sensibility and accuracy. The methods of the preparation, properties and applications of the gold nanoparticles are reviewd in this paper.

关 键 词：纳米金颗粒 生物检测 纳米生物探针 

分 类 号：R187[医药卫生—流行病学]