技术人员职业紧张状况及影响因素研究  

Appraisal of Occupational Stress and Its Influential Factors in Technical Staff

作　　者：杨新伟[1] 金泰廙[1] 王治明[2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2006年第6期325-328,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30500402)

摘　　要：目的探索技术人员职业紧张及其影响因素。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),选择技术人员857人为研究组,另外,随机抽取工厂、机关、服务和商业等行业的职工319人为对照组,共计1 176人进行研究。结果技术人员的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项(除工作环境子项外)得分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但应对资源各子项中,仅自我保健子项得分显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r=0.518,P<0.01),与应对资源呈明显负相关(r=-0.254,P<0.01)。个体紧张反应的主要影响因素:职业任务、任务冲突、理性处事、社会支持、工龄;业务紧张反应的主要影响因素:职业任务、理性处事、任务冲突、社会支持、任务不适、个体应对资源、工龄、任务过重、性别;心理紧张反应的主要影响因素:个体应对资源、任务冲突、自我保健、工作环境、责任感、年龄、任务不适;人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素:任务冲突、职业任务、工龄、理性处事、任务模糊、婚姻;躯体紧张反应的主要影响因素:职业任务、个体应对资源、任务模糊、理性处事、娱乐休闲、任务冲突。结论将职业紧张的模式结合技术人员职业紧张常模及应用表、图,针对技术人员的主要紧张源、紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预(组织、个体)措施,以降低技术人员的职业紧张程度,保护和促进职工的工作能力,这是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。Objective To assess occupational stress and its influential factors in technical staff. Methods A test of occupational stress and its influential factors was carried out with revised occupational stress inventory （OSI-R） for 857 technical staff and 319 controls. Results Among 6 scales of occupational role questionnaire, the scores of role overload, role insufficiency, role boundary, role ambiguity, and responsibility were obviously higher in technical staff（P〈0.01）. The scores of vocational strain, psychological strain, interpersonal strain and physical strain in staff were significantly higher （P〈0.01）. The results of personal resources indicated that self-care scores in technical staff were superior （P〈0.01）. Occupational orle and personal strain were positively correlated （r=0. 518, P〈0.01）, both of which correlated negatively to the personal resources （r= -0. 254, P〈0.01）. The major influential factors of personal strain, vocation strain, psychological strain, interpersonal strain, physical strain were different. Conclusions Different measure should be taken to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve the work ability of technical staff.

关 键 词：技术人员 职业紧张 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]