不同施氮水平和基追比对弱筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Rates and Dressing Ratios on Grain Yield and Quality in Weak-gluten Wheat

作　　者：陆增根[1] 戴廷波[1] 姜东[1] 荆奇[1] 秦晓东[1] 曹卫星[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业部作物生长调控重点开放实验室

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2006年第6期75-80,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30200166);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2005212)

摘　　要：为确立弱筋小麦优质高产生产的氮肥管理策略,以2个弱筋小麦品种扬麦9号和宁麦9号为材料,研究了不同施氮水平及基追比对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响。结果表明,小麦籽粒产量与施氮量呈二次曲线关系,增加施氮量及提高后期追氮比例提高了弱筋小麦蛋白质含量及籽粒容重、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、吸水率和稳定时间,但降低了总淀粉含量和弱化度。面团形成时间随施氮量的增加而增加,但随追氮比例的增加而降低。施氮量对籽粒蛋白质组分含量均有提高作用,依次为球蛋白>谷蛋白>醇溶蛋白>清蛋白,而追氮比例处理对醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量具有显著的提高效应,清蛋白和球蛋白含量因追氮比例而异。增加施氮量及提高后期追氮比例显著提高了直链淀粉含量和直/支比,但降低了支链淀粉含量。同比例追肥,两次追施比一次施用籽粒产量和蛋白质、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量增加,但湿面筋含量降低;直链淀粉含量和直/支比增加而总淀粉和支链淀粉含量降低。综合产量和品质分析表明,在本试验条件下,弱筋小麦在施氮量180 kg.ha-1、基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为7∶2∶1时可以实现高产与优质的协调。Simultaneously improving grain yield and quality trait are two key targets in weak-gluten wheat production. Field experiments were conducted using two weak-gluten wheat cultivars, Yangmai9 and Ningmaig, to investigate the effects of nitrogen rates and dressing ratios on grain yield and quality formation, and to explore a more reasonable nitrogen fertilization strategy. The results showed that grain yield increased with increasing nitrogen rates, but excess nitrogen was unfavorable for yield increasing. Grain protein content, test weight, wet gluten content, sedimentation value, water absorption and stability time enhanced, but grain starch content and dough degree of softening reduced with the increasing of nitrogen rates and dressing ratios. Development time increased with increased nitrogen rates while reduced with increased dressing ratios. Grain protein components were also enhanced with the order of globulin〉glutenin〉 gliadin〉albumin with the increasing of nitrogen rates, while only gliadin and glutenin content were increased under dressing ratio treatments. Amylose content increased with nitrogen rates and dressing ratios, but the ratio of amylopectin to amylose reduced. Under 180 kg ·ha^-1 , grain yield, the contents of crude protein, gliadin and glutenin were enhanced under treatment of N7-2-1 compared with N7-3, but the contents of wet gluten content was ideally reduced to below the national criterion. The results indicate that grain yield and quality could be improved synchronously under nitrogen rate of 180 kg·ha^-1 with a basis to dressing ratio of 7 ： 2： 1 in weak-gluten wheat production.

关 键 词：弱筋小麦 氮肥水平 基追比 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S365