杂交棉高产生理机制研究  

Studies on High Yield Physiological Mechanism of Hybrid Cotton

作　　者：房卫平[1] 李伶俐[2] 马宗斌[2] 谢德意[1] 杨铁钢[1] 台国琴[2] 李志敏[2] 阎旭霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院棉花油料作物研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2006年第11期39-42,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家农业科技跨越计划

摘　　要：在相同密度和栽培管理条件下,研究了豫杂35、中棉29和中棉19 3个品种生长中后期主茎叶片光合特性及衰老特点,以期探讨杂交棉高产形成的生理机制。结果表明:杂交棉豫杂35和中棉29与常规棉中棉19相比,打顶后其主茎倒3叶片的叶绿素含量高,随叶片衰老下降的慢;叶片生长前期气孔导度大,生长后期叶片PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)大,从而使其叶片光合速率高,且随叶片衰老下降慢,在后期仍表现较强的光合速率。此外,3个品种叶片的光合效率的日变化趋势均呈单峰曲线,总体趋势是杂交棉品种的峰值较中棉19的高且下降的慢;最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和ФPSⅡ的日变化均表现为倒抛物线型,但是豫杂35和中棉29的日变化曲线表现在中午前下降的慢,中午谷值浅,中午后恢复上升的快,表现对强光利用能力高。杂交棉所表现的上述高光效特性,为其多结铃,增铃重,获得高产奠定了光合生理基础。The photosynthesis property and ageing characteristic at middle later growing period of Yuza 35,Zhongmian 29 （both are hybrids） and Zhongmian 19 （conventional） was studied under same planting condition to investigate high yield physiological mechanism of hyhrid cotton. The results showed that, comparing with Zhongmian 19, the chlorophyll content of the third leaf from the stem top to bottom of Yuza 35 and Zhongmian 29 after tip pruning was high and decreased slowly with leaves ageing; The stomata conductance（Gs） at early growing period and PS Ⅱ prac tical light chemical efficiency （ФPSⅡ ） at later growing period of the third leaf were higher and decreased slowly with leaf senescence. In addition, the diurnal changes of Pn of all the three cultivars were single peaked curves and the hybrid cotton had higher peak and slower declining; the diurnal change of Fv/Fm and ФPSⅡ w showed an upside parahola for all three varieties, but the parabola of two hybrids decreased more slowly before noon and recovered quickly after noon, the valley was shallow at noon, indicating hybrid cotton have higher ability utilizing powerful light than conventional cotton.

关 键 词：杂交棉 叶绿素含量 光合速率 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]