野捕和圈养繁殖雄性马麝行为格局的比较  

Behavioral patterns of wild-caught and captive-bred male musk deer.

作　　者：孟秀祥[1] 冯金朝[1] 周宜君[1] 杨奇森[2] 冯祚建[2] 夏霖[2] 孟智斌[2] 华星 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100080 [3]华杭麝业科技开发有限公司,上杭364200

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2006年第11期2084-2087,共4页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30500060);中央民族大学"211科研工程"项目;"985工程"资助项目.

摘　　要：采用焦点取样和连续记录法,对甘肃兴隆山麝场圈养雄性马麝(Moschussifanicus)进行行为取样,比较野捕和圈养繁殖雄性马麝的行为差异,并对雄麝在交配季节和非交配季节的行为时间分配进行分析.结果表明,由于圈养环境和管理模式相同,野捕和圈养繁殖马麝的总体行为格局类似,其时间和能量分配格局无本质差异,但由于幼年期的抓捕、人工哺乳及圈养方式等对其行为发育的影响,野捕雄麝的冲突行为表达强度显著高于驯产雄麝(P<0·05).和非交配季节相比,雄麝在交配季节的静卧行为持续时间较少(P<0·05),运动性增加(P<0·05),摄食(P<0·05)和反刍减少(P<0·05),蹭尾标记及粪尿标记行为持续时间较长,增加了信息标记强度,且对相关的环境探究和尾阴探究等信息收集行为相应增加,但差异均不显著(P>0·05).By the method of focal sampling and continuous recording, a comparative study was made on the behavioral patterns of 23 captive alpine musk deer （ Moschus sifanicus）, among which, 17 deer were wild-caught （ WC）, and 6 deer were captive-bred （CB）. The results showed that owing to the same enclosure facilities and managing system, there was no essential difference in the behavioral modes between WC and CB, but WC exhibited more collision behavior than CB （P 〈 0. 05） because of the differences in capture, lactation, and contact with other baby deer. Male deer showed lower bedding （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, ingestion （ P 〈 0. 05 ） and ruminating （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, but more moving （P 〈0. 05） at mating season, compared with those at non-mating season. Furthermore, male deer expressed more scent marking through intensive tail-rubbing and urination-defecation, and accordingly, the behaviors of scent collecting such as environment sniffing and anogenital explori,g were expressed more stronger, though the differences were not significant （P 〉 0. 05 ）.

关 键 词：圈养马麝 雄麝 幼年哺乳方式 繁殖季节 行为比较 

分 类 号：S865[农业科学—野生动物驯养] Q958.1[农业科学—畜牧兽医]