晋西黄土区主要造林树种耗水量测算与分析  

Estimation and Analysis of Water Consumption of the Main Afforestation Species in West Shanxi Province in the Loess Plateau

作　　者：武思宏[1] 毕华兴[1] 朱清科[1] 张晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2006年第4期550-557,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2001BA510B01)

摘　　要：依据水量平衡原理，采用盆栽试验分别测算了晋西黄土区主要造林树种侧柏、刺槐、杏树和梨树在其生长季（4～10月）成熟单株树术的耗水量，并根据林地土壤水分动态及土壤水分特征曲线标定的各树种无效水界值，分析了各树种土壤水分供耗特点及其有效性。结果表明：①2002贫水年生长季降水量430．7mm，试验树种同期耗水量约为430-470mm，树木供耗失衡；2003丰水年降水量870．2mm，耗水量约为450～510mm，但降雨分配不均，5月和10月树木供耗电略有失衡。②不同树种年内土壤含水量变化趋势相近，而同月耗水量差异较大，同一树种不同月耗水量差异也较大，丰水年各试验地土壤水分状况要好于贫水年。③侧柏、刺槐、杏树和梨树无效水界值为8．0％，8．4％，9．4％和10．9％，侧柏较其它树种利用水分能力最强。贫水年林外单株树木土壤含水量在一段时间内低于对应树种的无效水界值，影响树木正常生长。单株树木依靠冬季和次年春季降水补充，生长季初期都能恢复到速效水水平。In order to provide the scientific basis and the practical guidance for the vegetation restoration and regeneration in the Loess Plateau, in this study the values of water consumption of potted mature Platycladus orientalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Armeniaca vulgaris and Pyrus hopeiensis in growing season from April to October are separately measured and estimated, which are the main afforestation species in west Shanxi Province in the Loess Plateau Moreover, according to the data of the dynamic change of soil moisture content and the range of available moisture of potted mature trees, the relationships between water supply and consumption and the soil moisture availability and deficit are analyzed. The conclusions are as follows： （1） Precipitation in growing season of 2002 was 430.7 mm, but the water consumption of potted trees varied in a range of 430-470 mm, thus an imbalance of water supply and consumption of the potted trees occurred. Precipitation in growing season of 2003 was 870.2 mm, but the water consumption of the potted trees varied in a range of 450-510 mm, and an imbalance of water supply and consumption of the potted trees occurred in May and October due to the uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall; （2） The change trends of average annual soil moisture content under different tree species are similar, but the monthly water consumptions of the potted trees are quite different, and that of the same tree species in different months are also quite different. The soil moisture content in the year with more precipitation is higher than that in the year with less precipitation; （3） The values of non-available soil moisture content for Platycladus orentalis, Robinia pseudoacacia, Armeniaca vulgaris and Pyrus hopeiensis are 8.0%, 8.4%, 9.4% and 10.9% respectively, which reveal that Platycladus orentalis has higher capability of using rail moisture than other afforestation species. The soil moisture content under the potted trees was lower than the value of non-available soil moisture content

关 键 词：造林树种 蒸腾 耗水量 水分平衡 土壤水分 晋西 

分 类 号：S725[农业科学—林木遗传育种]