植物着丝粒结构和功能的研究进展  

Advances in Research of the Structure and Function of Plant Centromeres

作　　者：佘朝文[1] 宋运淳[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省怀化学院生物系,怀化418008 [2]武汉大学生命科学学院植物发育生物学教育部重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《遗传》2006年第12期1597-1606,共10页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:39870423)资助~~

摘　　要：着丝粒是真核生物有丝分裂和减数分裂染色体正确分离和传递所必需的染色体区域。十多年来,已对包括拟南芥、水稻、玉米在内的一些植物的着丝粒进行了较深入的分子生物学研究。在不同的植物间,着丝粒DNA的保守性很低,呈现快速进化,但着丝粒的DNA序列类型和组织方式基本相似,一般是由夹杂排列着的卫星DNA串联重复阵列和着丝粒专一的反转录转座子构成。与着丝粒DNA相反,着丝粒/着丝点的结构性和瞬时蛋白质在包括植物在内的真核生物中保守。与其他真核生物的情况一样,拥有含着丝粒组蛋白H3(CENH3)的核小体是植物功能着丝粒染色质最基本的特征,CENH3在着丝粒染色质的识别和保持中起着关键作用。Centromeres are the chromosomal domains necessary for faithful chromosome segregation and transmission during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes. In the last decade, centromeres in some plant species including Arabidopsis, rice and maize have been deeply studied at molecular level. Centromeric DNAs evolve rapidly and are little conserved among various plants, but the types of centromeric DNA sequences and their organization patterns within centromeres are basically similar in plants. Plant centromeres are usually composed of-clusters of tandemly arrayed satellite repeats that are interspersed with centromere-specific retrotransposons. In contrast to centromeric DNA, structural and transient centromeric/kinetochoric proteins are conserved among eukaryotes including plants. As the cases in other eukaryotes, the presence of CENH3 （centromeric histone H3）-containing nucleosomes is the fundamental feature of plant functional centromeres, and CENPI3 plays critical roles in the identity and maintenance of plant centromeric chromatin.

关 键 词：植物染色体 着丝粒 着丝点 着丝粒DNA 着丝粒组蛋白H3 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学]