认知语义结构与意义驱动释义模式的构建——兼谈外汉双语词典的释义性质与释义结构  

Towards a model based on the cognitive semantic structure and the meaning-driven definition

作　　者：章宜华[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学

出　　处：《现代外语》2006年第4期362-370,共9页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：教育部文科重点研究基地重大项目(2000ZDM74008)"词典释义中的认知语义结构"有关学习词典释义模式的主要研究成果。

摘　　要：传统释义观认为,单语词典的释义是解释被释义词的概念,而双语词典则是寻找目的语对等词。这似乎成了一种必须遵循的“公理”。但随着学习型词典的兴起以及语言认知与习得理论在二语教学中的应用,这种传统释义观已经不能满足当代学习词典的释义需求。本文旨在用认知语言学方法,从词汇语义表征的多维性入手,提出意义驱动释义模式的构想,力图通过构建语词的认知语义结构来揭示被释义词的语义表征。对于双语词典而言,释义是源语与目的语之间基于原型交际模式的语义框架图式的映射,而不是限于寻求词汇或概念层面的等值。In conventional lexicography, the lexicographic definition is confined to explaining concepts of words for monolingual dictionaries and finding equivalents in the target language for bilingual dictionaries. This seems to have become an 'established rule' which lexicographers should obey. However, recent prosperity of learner,s dictionaries, and theoretical developments in cognition and language acquisition research, particularly their applications in second language teaching, call for rethinking the conventional definition of lexicography in line with contemporary dictionary making. This paper makes an attempt to develop a meaning-driven definition model that embodies the multidimensionality of cognitive semantic structure. The model is intended to account for the meaning representation of defined words via a multidimensional frame of definition for learner,s dictionaries. It also sheds light on bilingual dictionary making. Thus, cognitive semantic structures are viewed as derivable from prototypic communication patterns, and the lexical definition comes as a result of the mapping of those semantic structures between the source and target languages instead of merely finding out lexical and conceptual equivalents in the target language.

关 键 词：认知语义结构 意义驱动释义模式 多维释义 双语词典译义 

分 类 号：H16[语言文字—汉语]