基于旅游生态足迹模型的旅游区可持续发展度量——以云南省丽江纳西族自治县为例  

Measuring tourism area sustainability based on tourism ecological footprint:a case study in Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County

作　　者：蒋依依[1] 王仰麟[1] 彭建[1] 杨磊[1] 张源[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境学院

出　　处：《地理研究》2006年第6期1134-1142,共9页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究项目(G2000046807)

摘　　要：在生态足迹模型的基础上,构建由餐饮、住宿、交通、游览和购物五个子系统组成的旅游生态足迹模型,将旅游生态足迹和当地居民生态足迹结合以综合评价旅游区可持续发展状态。评价系统将旅游区的可持续发展划分为5种状态。将该方法应用于云南省丽江纳西族自治县,结果表明:①旅游生态足迹和当地居民生态足迹均小于区域生态承载力,两者所构成的区域总生态足迹也处在生态承载力范围之内,说明旅游区社会经济发展处在可持续发展状态;②在旅游生态足迹各子系统所表征的旅游活动中,交通和购物对生态环境影响最大;③旅游活动和当地居民日常生产生活对于生态环境的影响机制具有显著差异。In tourism area, the human impact on natural environment comes from local residents and tourists. And due to the same impact mechanism, these two factors can be added directly. New methods need to be employed to reflect the characteristics of tourism area. As the basic model of this research, the ecological footprint model （EF） developed by Rees and Wackernagel has been promoted as a policy and planning tool for sustainability. The aim of this paper is to create the tourism ecological ~ootprint model （TEF） to measure the influence from tourists, and furthermore to evaluate the sustainable state of tourism area quantitatively, combining local resident ecological footprint （LEF） and ecological carrying capacity （EC）. The TEF model is made up of five subsystems, which are ＇food＇, ＇accom- modation＇, ＇transport＇, ＇sight seeing＇ and ＇shopping＇, therefore tourist consumption is transferred into corresponding biological productive units. And sustainable states of tourism area could be partitioned into the ‘sustainable＇, ‘ potential sustainable＇, ‘middle＇, ‘ potential unsustainable＇, and ‘ unsustainable＇ states. Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County, situated in the northwest of Yunnan province, is taken as a study area. The tourism industry in the study area has been developed rapidly in the past few years. The study result reveals that： （1） regional total ecological footprint, which is composed of TEF and LEF, is lower than EC. It implies that the area runs an ecological surplus, and the relationship between regional social economic development and ecological environment is in a harmonious condition. （2） Comparatively, the ＇transport＇ and ＇shopping＇ subsystems, which are about 59.86% and 29.10% of the TEF respectively, are the key factors to affect the value of TEF. （3） The influence of tourism activities on regional ecological environment is obviously different from that of regional resident activities. The research indicated that it is feasible to

关 键 词：旅游生态足迹 旅游区可持续发展 云南省丽江纳西族自治县 

分 类 号：F592[经济管理—旅游管理]