沉水植物中挥发性物质对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用  

Allelopathic activity of Volatile substance from submerged macrophytes on Microcy-stin aeruginosa

作　　者：鲜鸣 陈海东[1] 邹惠仙[1] 尹大强[1] 

机构地区：[1]污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室南京大学环境学院,南京210093

出　　处：《生态学报》2006年第11期3549-3554,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家基础研究发展规划资助项目(2002CB412307)~~

摘　　要：比较了两种淡水沉水植物金鱼藻和苦草中挥发性物质对铜绿微囊藻的化感抑制作用,在100 mg/L浓度下,新鲜植物挥发油的抑藻作用非常显著,两种植物抑藻活性相近,但是在干粉材料中金鱼藻挥发油的抑藻活性明显强于苦草,且挥发油浓度与抑藻活性呈正相关。不同植物之间以及新鲜植物和植物干粉之间挥发油的成分和相对含量差别较大,新鲜植物挥发油中含有40%的邻苯二甲酸酯,而在干粉挥发油中70%为脂肪族化合物和萜类物质。在新鲜植物挥发油中约占20%的是不稳定的未知物,其化学结构和生物活性有待进一步研究。Eutrophication has become a serious environmental pollution in aquatic ecosystem. The allelopathic potential of aquatic macrophytes against blue-green algae has received broad consideration. It has been reported that the growth of several submerged macrophytes could inhibit the growth of some deleterious alga, such as Microcystin aeruginosa, but many allelochemicals with antialgal effect are still unknown. This study compared inhibitory activity of volatile compounds from two submerged macrophytes, Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria spiralis on M. aeruginosa. Essential oils of fresh and dry macrophytes were prepared using steam distillation procedure and extraction with diethyl ether. The components of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography （GC） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and identified by standard retention indices, standard mass spectrum and co-chromatography with pure compounds. The relative amount of the each compound was calculated with peak areas integrator. The amount （in weight % ） of essential oils was ten times more in the dry macrophytes than in the fresh macrophytes. When the essential oils were at a concentration of 100 mg/L, the fresh macrophytes had similar antialgal activities between C. demersum and V. spiralis while stronger than dry macrophytes. However, essential oils from dry macrophytes C. demersum showed stronger antialgal activity than V. spiralis. There exists a positive correlation between the concentration of the essential oils and the inhibitory activity. The EC50 （effective concentration for 50 % inhibition of growth） was about 70 mg/L in the oil of dry C. demersum. The essential oils were composed of fatty compounds, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, phthalates, and some unknown compounds. The composition and relative amount of the essential oils were very different even though C. demersum and V. spiralis are two submerged macrophytes and usually coexist in aquatic environment. More than 40% of the total amount was phthalates in

关 键 词：沉水植物 挥发油 铜绿微囊藻 化感作用 气-质联用 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]